Coherence of femtosecond single electrons exceeds biomolecular dimensions

Kirchner, Friedrich O.; Lahme, Stefan; Krausz, Ferenc; Baum, Peter

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/6/063021

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…16 This compound is a molecular switch based on an ultrafast excited-state intramolecular proton transfer mechanism. 17 The investigated sample has a diameter of approximately 200 μm and was mounted at the focal point of the third parabolic mirror.…”

Section: Fluorescence Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-reflective UV-VIS-NIR transmission and fluorescence spectrometer for μm-sized samples

et al. 2014

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We report on an optical transmission spectrometer optimized for tiny samples. The setup is based on all-reflective parabolic optics and delivers broadband operation from 215 to 1030 nm. A fiber-coupled light source is used for illumination and a fiber-coupled miniature spectrometer for detection. The diameter of the probed area is less than 200 μm for all wavelengths. We demonstrate the capability to record transmission, absorption, reflection, fluorescence and refractive indices of tiny and ultrathin sample flakes with this versatile device. The performance is validated with a solid state wavelength standard and with dye solutions.

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Section: Fluorescence Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-reflective UV-VIS-NIR transmission and fluorescence spectrometer for μm-sized samples

et al. 2014

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“…Photoemission electron sources play an essential role in many experiments aimed at the study of ultrafast structural dynamics [1][2][3][4][5]. After creation through photoemission with femtosecond laser pulses, ultrashort electron bunches can be used for electron diffraction and imaging or to enable x-ray diffraction experiments with a free-electron laser (FEL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme regimes of femtosecond photoemission from a copper cathode in a dc electron gun

Pasmans

Vugt

Lieshout

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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The femtosecond photoemission yield from a copper cathode and the emittance of the created electron beams has been studied in a 12 MeV=m, 100 keV dc electron gun over a wide range of laser fluence, from the linear photoemission regime until the onset of image charge limitations and cathode damaging. The measured photoemission curves can be described well with available theory which includes the Schottky effect, second-order photoemission, and image charge limitation. The second-order photoemission can be explained by thermally assisted one-photon photoemission (1PPE) and by above-threshold two-photon photoemission (2PPE). Measurements with a fresh cathode suggest that the 2PPE process is dominant. The beam emittance has been measured for the entire range of initial surface charge densities as well. The emittance measurements of space-charge dominated beams can be described well by an envelope equation with generalized perveance. The dc gun produces 0.1 pC bunches with 25 nm rms normalized emittance, corresponding to a normalized brightness usually associated with rf photoguns. In this experimental study the limits of femtosecond photoemission from a copper cathode have been explored and analyzed in great detail, resulting in improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

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“…Using UED structural dynamics at such length and time scales [10] has been studied, like the intermediate structure in the elimination reaction of C 2 F 4 I 2 [11] or the photo-induced insulator to metal phase transition in an organic salt [12]. Despite major technical developments towards the acquisition of diffraction patterns of larger macromolecules [13,14], biological substrates have not yet been investigated by UED. One of the limiting factors is the limited coherence of pulsed electron beams, which requires preparation of large area, thin protein crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%