A bstraetFrom an electrodynamic and simple quantum-mechanical point of view a model is proposed which explains the phenomena of minimum arc current aa well aa the formation end extinction of tiny emitting sitea interacting together in cold cathode spots (called type A) on the base of a specific coupling between the tunnelling "average" elwtrom and the metal bulk phonon field. The model eeems to be especially applicable to such experimental conditionswhere typical trumpet-
IntrodnetionBoth in high-pressure and in low-pressure (ea well as in vacuum) arcs two different typea of cathode spots are observed on metal electrodea [l-141 a) the feat moving cold cathode spot with diffuse (divided) arc root dominated by b) the remaining thermal ("hot") cathode spot with contracted arc root dominated Contrary to the type A which stressee the electrodm thermally only poorly the type B leaves extended molten "macd'pits with voluminous (2 6 ym) crater rims and splashed inaterial responsible for the high ermion rate, the slow (c 3 m/sec) spot movement and spot anchoring in this case. Fig. 1 shows the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of such a concentrated cathode damage after a single magnetically driven 25-A arc.The type A cathode erosion does not contain any concentrated macroscopic melting of the surface but is made up of tiny dispersed scattered trumpet-like microcraters with diameters c 2 pm (for thin oxide films < 3 nm) or roughened areas (for thick oxide films > 20nm) [l, 4, 9, 10, 15-22], in the latter caae sometimes with stripped oxide for polished and clean oxidized siirfaces [15, 16, 17). Fig. 2 and 3 show examples field emission (here called "type A") and by thermo-field emission (here called "type B").