Coherent laser radar at 106 μm using Nd:YAG lasers

Kane, Thomas J.; Kozlovsky, W. J.; Byer, Robert L.; Byvik, C. E.

doi:10.1364/ol.12.000239

Cited by 102 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The laser source is the most important part in a CDL system. With the development of single frequency laser technology, 10μm CO2 laser [4] ,1μm solid laser [5] , 2μm solid laser [6] , 1.6μm solid laser [7] and 1.5μm fiber laser [8] are utilized as the lidar transmitter source successively. Over the past decade, single frequency pulsed fiber lasers are studied widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Fiber Airborne Coherent Doppler Lidar to Measure Wind Profiles

Liu

Zhu

Diao

et al. 2016

EPJ Web of Conferences

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An all-fiber airborne pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) prototype at 1.54μm is developed to measure wind profiles in the lower troposphere layer. The all-fiber single frequency pulsed laser is operated with pulse energy of 300μJ, pulse width of 400ns and pulse repetition rate of 10kHz. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest pulse energy of all-fiber eye-safe single frequency laser that is used in airborne coherent wind lidar. The telescope optical diameter of monostatic lidar is 100 mm. Velocity-Azimuth-Display (VAD) scanning is implemented with 20 degrees elevation angle in 8 different azimuths. Real-time signal processing board is developed to acquire and process the heterodyne mixing signal with 10000 pulses spectra accumulated every second. Wind profiles are obtained every 20 seconds. Several experiments are implemented to evaluate the performance of the lidar. We have carried out airborne wind lidar experiments successfully, and the wind profiles are compared with aerological theodolite and ground based wind lidar. Wind speed standard error of less than 0.4m/s is shown between airborne wind lidar and balloon aerological theodolite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Fiber Airborne Coherent Doppler Lidar to Measure Wind Profiles

Liu

Zhu

Diao

et al. 2016

EPJ Web of Conferences

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“…© 2011 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 280.3640, 100.6890, 110.3010, 110.3080. The use of lasers for ranging (lidar) has greatly improved spatial and longitudinal resolution in ranged detectors [1]. Traditional lidar systems are singlepixel devices that obtain transverse resolution via scanning.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photon-counting compressive sensing laser radar for 3D imaging

2011

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We experimentally demonstrate a photon-counting, single-pixel, laser radar camera for 3D imaging where transverse spatial resolution is obtained through compressive sensing without scanning. We use this technique to image through partially obscuring objects, such as camouflage netting. Our implementation improves upon pixel-array based designs with a compact, resource-efficient design and highly scalable resolution. © 2011 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 280.3640, 100.6890, 110.3010, 110.3080. The use of lasers for ranging (lidar) has greatly improved spatial and longitudinal resolution in ranged detectors [1]. Traditional lidar systems are singlepixel devices that obtain transverse resolution via scanning. In the past decade, there has been much interest in replacing scanning with spatially resolving detectors to produce ranged cameras [2-4]. These devices rapidly acquire three-dimensional images and utilize range gating to reveal objects obscured behind foliage or other camouflaging materials. The primary challenge is developing detectors with useful spatial resolution, high sensitivity, and fast timing. The most successful approach to date is the use of arrays of avalanche photo-diodes operating in the spirit of a CCD camera. A variety of high resolution systems have been brought to market with linear mode avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays [5]. For best performance, however, it is desirable to instead operate the APDs in geiger-mode to count discrete, single-photon arrivals. These photon-counting detectors have single-photon precision and sensitivity that approaches the shot noise limit with subnano-second timing. Such an array was developed for the state-of-the-art Jigsaw system created at MIT Lincoln Labs [6], which has been field tested with impressive results. The Jigsaw sensor consists of a 32 × 32 array of APDs detecting single-photon arrivals in a time-of-flight (TOF) lidar configuration.While single geiger-mode APDs are well developed, high resolution arrays are difficult to fabricate and remain primarily a research subject. As such, they present pragmatic difficulties. The highest resolution commercially available sensor is only 32 × 32 pixels, with 32 × 128 in development [7,8]. Lincoln Labs has reported up to 64 × 256 pixels [9,10]. Jigsaw must incorporate prism-based scanning to improve its resolution and field-of-view. Current arrays also have limited spectral range with peak quantum efficiency in the midvisible spectrum. For ranging, significant supporting equipment is required to correlate each pixel with illuminating pulses. Because individual pixels are small and optical flux must be distributed across the entire array, shot noise is significant. At present, such arrays are generally resource heavy in development and implementation.We show that these difficulties can be resolved by applying single-pixel camera technology [11] to generate transverse spatial resolution. This technique, pioneered by Baraniuk, uses compressive sensing to detect images with a single detector [12]. Appro...

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“…Coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) systems have played a significant role in the fields of wind shear, wake vortices, and clear air turbulence detection [1] . With the development of laser technology, CDL systems at wavelengths of 10.6[2] , 1 [3,4] , 2 [5] , and 1.5 µm [6,7] have been realized. Compared with 10.6-µm laser sources, CDL systems based on solid-state lasers have attracted more attention due to their small size, light weight, high reliability, and long lifetime [4,8−10] .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[2] , 1 [3,4] , 2 [5] , and 1.5 µm [6,7] have been realized. Compared with 10.6-µm laser sources, CDL systems based on solid-state lasers have attracted more attention due to their small size, light weight, high reliability, and long lifetime [4,8−10] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of all-solid coherent Doppler wind lidar

Zhu¹,

Liu²,

Bi³

et al. 2012

Chin. Opt. Lett.

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A 1 064-nm pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) prototype is developed to measure short range wind speed in the lower altitude troposphere layer. The CDL system adopts an injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser with the pulse duration of 80 ns, single pulse energy of 0.5 mJ, and pulse repetition rate of 200 Hz. Speed calibration experiments are implemented to obtain a speed accuracy of 0.3 m/s using a hard target. Data analysis results show that the CDL system can obtain a line-of-sight wind velocity at a range of 30 to 500 m with the range resolution of 40 m and 38 pulses accumulation.OCIS codes: 280.3340, 010.0280, 010.3640. doi: 10.3788/COL201210.012801. Coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) systems have played a significant role in the fields of wind shear, wake vortices, and clear air turbulence detection [1] . With the development of laser technology, CDL systems at wavelengths of 10.6[2] , 1 [3,4] , 2 [5] , and 1.5 µm [6,7] have been realized. Compared with 10.6-µm laser sources, CDL systems based on solid-state lasers have attracted more attention due to their small size, light weight, high reliability, and long lifetime [4,8−10] . At a given level of the signalto-noise ratio (SNR), the lidar at the 1.064-µm wavelength of Nd:YAG offers smaller velocity error and better range resolution than the lidar at longer wavelength [11] . Aerosol backscatter signal of 1.064-µm laser is stronger than those of 1.5-and 2-µm lasers. Thus, a compact all-solid state CDL for wind sensing at a wavelength of 1.064 µm was developed. Both line-of-sight (LOS) wind speed and hard-target calibration experiments were carried out to validate the measurement abilities of the system. The performance of this CDL system can be improved through the receiver subsystem optimization.The schematic configuration of the CDL system is shown in Fig. 1. The system consists of a pulsed laser, an optical transceiver, and a signal processor. In this system, a 1.064-µm continuous wave (CW) light from the seeder laser source was divided into two beams. One was sent to the balanced receiver and used as the local oscillator (LO) for heterodyne detection. The other part, whose frequency was shifted by an acousto-optical frequency shifter (AOM), was injected into a pulsed laser cavity as a seeder source. The pulsed laser was transmitted to the atmosphere through a quarter waveplate and optical telescope. The backscatter signal from aerosols in the air was received by the same telescope and sent to the balanced receiver through a fiber-port and a 2 × 2 fiber coupler. The reflected signal from the optical lens of the telescope was recorded to derive the intermediate frequency (IF) between the LO and pulsed laser output. The backscatter signal from the aerosols was observed continuously. The radio frequency (RF) signal from the balanced receiver was sent to the signal processor to calculate the Doppler frequency shift (∆f ) caused by the LOS speed (V ). Detailed explanations of the key components of the system are presented asAn injection-seeded single frequency Nd:YAG l...

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Coherent laser radar at 106 μm using Nd:YAG lasers

Cited by 102 publications

References 10 publications

All-Fiber Airborne Coherent Doppler Lidar to Measure Wind Profiles

All-Fiber Airborne Coherent Doppler Lidar to Measure Wind Profiles

Photon-counting compressive sensing laser radar for 3D imaging

Development of all-solid coherent Doppler wind lidar

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