Coherent optical wavelength conversion via cavity optomechanics

Hill, John; Safavi-Naeini, Amir H.; Chan, Jasper Fuk Woo; Painter, Oskar

doi:10.1038/ncomms2201

Cited by 467 publications

(442 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We further realize a saturated frequency conversion from telecom band to visible band with almost unit internal (0.14 external) conversion efficiency. Notably, the transparency window demonstrated here is close to GHz, which is orders of magnitudes larger than the bandwidth of previously demonstrated transparency [17][18][19][20] and wavelength conversion [24,25] induced by opto-mechanical interaction. This large bandwidth, together with a flexible working environment (ambient air -no need for cryogenic cooling or vacuum system), may be beneficial for applications including optical switches, isolators and frequency converters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 49%

“…(5), the saturated external conversion efficiency will be achieved when C ≈ 1, which is measure to be 0.14 in our experiment. In terms of maximum internal conversion efficiency (η int,max = 4C |1+C| 2 ) [25], which ignores the loss due to non-ideal waveguidecavity coupling ( κ b,1 κ b κc,1 κc < 1), the conversion efficiency is 0.988 ≤ η int,max ≤ 1 as deduced from the cooperativity of 0.97 ± 0.17. We further investigate the dependence of the bandwidth of the frequency conversion on P a , which is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-Chip Strong Coupling and Efficient Frequency Conversion between Telecom and Visible Optical Modes

et al. 2016

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Developments in photonic chips have spurred photon based classical and quantum information processing, attributing to the high stability and scalability of integrated photonic devices [1,2]. Optical nonlinearity [3] is indispensable in these complex photonic circuits, because it allows for classical and quantum light sources, all-optical switch, modulation, and non-reciprocity in ambient environments. It is commonly known that nonlinear interactions are often greatly enhanced in the microcavities [4]. However, the manifestations of coherent photon-photon interaction in a cavity, analogous to the electromagnetically induced transparency [5], have never been reported on an integrated platform. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of the coherent photon-photon interaction induced by second order optical nonlinearity (χ (2) ) on an aluminum nitride photonic chip. The non-reciprocal nonlinear optic induced transparency is demonstrated as a result of the coherent interference between photons with different colors: ones in the visible wavelength band and ones in the telecom wavelength band. Furthermore, a wide-band frequency conversion with an almost unit internal (0.14 external) efficiency and a bandwidth up to 0.76 GHz is demonstrated.The importance of integrating nonlinear devices on a photonic chip has become more prominent due to the devices' small foot-prints and large scalability [6,7]. Second order optical nonlinearity (χ (2) ) is one of the most widely explored properties in photonics, utilizing various nonlinear materials [8][9][10][11][12][13]. χ (2) nonlinearity enables the coupling between photons with very different colors, acting as the basis for many important applications such as second harmonic generation, spontaneous parametric down conversion, optical parametric amplification and oscillation. Due to the high quality factor to mode volume ratio, the nonlinear interaction strength is expected to be boosted in optical cavities. Preliminary results in millimeter sized optical resonators have already shown such trend, where efficient second harmonic generation [14,15] and sum frequency generation [16] are demonstrated. However, the realized nonlinear interaction strength on an integrated platform is normally weak, hindered by the challenges of fabricating small size, low loss optical circuits with materials featuring high χ (2) nonlinearity.In this Letter, we demonstrate coherent interaction between photons of different colors on a scalable aluminum nitride-on-insulator [12] chip based on χ (2) optical nonlinearity. The nonlinear optic induced transparency (NOIT), as an analogue to electromagnetically induced transparency resulting from coherent photon-atom [5] or photon-phonon interactions [17][18][19][20], is reported. Due to the inherent phase matching condition, the χ (2) nonlinearity based coherent interaction and the accompanying NOIT phenomenon are non-reciprocal [19,20], which permits future applications such as non-magnetic, ultrafast optical isolators [21][22][23]. We further realize ...

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confidence: 49%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Strong Coupling and Efficient Frequency Conversion between Telecom and Visible Optical Modes

et al. 2016

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“…3d,e, respectively. The dual mode nature of the triangular cross-section nanobeam cavities is of interest for applications in nonlinear optics and wavelength conversion [30][31][32] . Theoretical figures of merit for the fundamental cavity modes are Q-factors of Q TM B1.3 Â 10 5 and Q TE B3.0 Â 10 6 , with mode volumes V TM B2.55(l/n) 3 and V TE B2.26(l/n) 3 (the subscript again refers to the cavity mode transverse polarization).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High quality-factor optical nanocavities in bulk single-crystal diamond

et al. 2014

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Single-crystal diamond, with its unique optical, mechanical and thermal properties, has emerged as a promising material with applications in classical and quantum optics. However, the lack of heteroepitaxial growth and scalable fabrication techniques remains the major limiting factors preventing more wide-spread development and application of diamond photonics. In this work, we overcome this difficulty by adapting angled-etching techniques, previously developed for realization of diamond nanomechanical resonators, to fabricate racetrack resonators and photonic crystal cavities in bulk single-crystal diamond. Our devices feature large optical quality factors, in excess of 10 5 , and operate over a wide wavelength range, spanning visible and telecom. These newly developed high-Q diamond optical nanocavities open the door for a wealth of applications, ranging from nonlinear optics and chemical sensing, to quantum information processing and cavity optomechanics.

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“…Although the mechanical resonator can be coupled to electromagnetic fields at very different wavelengths, most recent experiments use optomechanical couplings from microwave to optical wavelengths. It has been shown both theoretically [38][39][40] and experimentally [41][42][43] that mechanical resonators can be used to convert optical quantum states to microwave ones via optomechanical interactions between a mechanical resonator and a single-mode field of both optical and microwave wavelengths. Hybrid electro-optomechanical systems can exhibit controllable strong Kerr nonlinearities even in the weak- * Electronic address: yuxiliu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn coupling regime [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optomechanical analog of two-color electromagnetically induced transparency: Photon transmission through an optomechanical device with a two-level system

et al. 2014

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Some optomechanical systems can be transparent to a probe field when a strong driving field is applied. These systems can provide an optomechanical analogue of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT). We study the transmission of a probe field through a hybrid optomechanical system consisting of a cavity and a mechanical resonator with a two-level system (qubit). The qubit might be an intrinsic defect inside the mechanical resonator, a superconducting artificial atom, or another two-level system. The mechanical resonator is coupled to the cavity field via radiation pressure and to the qubit via the Jaynes-Cummings interaction. We find that the dressed twolevel system and mechanical phonon can form two sets of three-level systems. Thus, there are two transparency windows in the discussed system. We interpret this effect as an optomechanical analog of two-color EIT (or double-EIT). We demonstrate how to switch between one and two EIT windows by changing the transition frequency of the qubit. We show that the absorption and dispersion of the system are mainly affected by the qubit-phonon coupling strength and the transition frequency of the qubit.

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Coherent optical wavelength conversion via cavity optomechanics

Cited by 467 publications

References 38 publications

On-Chip Strong Coupling and Efficient Frequency Conversion between Telecom and Visible Optical Modes

On-Chip Strong Coupling and Efficient Frequency Conversion between Telecom and Visible Optical Modes

High quality-factor optical nanocavities in bulk single-crystal diamond

Optomechanical analog of two-color electromagnetically induced transparency: Photon transmission through an optomechanical device with a two-level system

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