Cold response and tolerance in cereal roots

Abstract

Cold stress adversely affects plant growth and is a limiting factor in crop productivity. Temperature volatility as a consequence of climate change will increase the effects of cold stress on crop cultivation. Low temperatures frequently occur early after planting in temperate climates and severely affect root development in cereals. In this review we address the question how cereal root systems respond to cold on different scales. First, we summarize the morphological, physiological and cellular responses of cereal roots to cold stress and how these processes are regulated by phytohormones. Subsequently, we highlight the status of the genetic and molecular dissection of cold tolerance with emphasis on the role of cold-responsive genes in improving cold tolerance in cereal roots. Finally, we discuss the role of beneficial microorganisms and mineral nutrients in ameliorating the effects of cold stress in cereal roots. A comprehensive knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance will ensure yield stability by enabling the generation of cold-tolerant crop genotypes.

The stimulatory effect of Thuricin 17, a PGPR-produced bacteriocin, on canola (Brassica, napus L.) germination and vegetative growth under stressful temperatures

“…When plants are exposed to low and high temperatures, changes in the root system occur (Alsajri et al, 2019;Fonseca de Lima et al, 2021). In this study, root system growth was inhibited by low temperature, which is in line with previous studies (Rymen et al, 2007;Shibasaki et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2021). This could be explained by the fact that low temperature hinders cell cycle progression and cell division in root meristems.…”

ICE-CBF-COR Signaling Cascade and Its Regulation in Plants Responding to Cold Stress

“…Cold stress has been categorized into chilling stress (0-15 • C) and freezing stress (<0 • C) depending on plant effects [3] Cold receptors localized in the plant plasma membrane perceive cold stress stimulus. Instantly, a progression of cell reactions and sub-atomic system adjustments are triggered, remodeling plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for cold stress tolerance through the regulatory actions of numerous transcription factors [4][5][6]. The three main cold-responsive genes in plants are Inducer of CBF Expression (ICE), C-repeat Binding Factors (CBFs), and the Cold-Regulated genes (CORs) [7].…”

Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Source–Sink Organs in Wheat and Phosphorus Mitigation Strategies

“…Many studies have focused on the aboveground part and ignored the belowground part (roots) of plants, but root systems play a vital role in mitigating the adverse effects of LTS (Ambroise et al, 2020). Beneficial microorganisms and mineral nutrients are helpful to improve the cold tolerance of wheat roots (Zhou et al, 2021). Although P is relatively easy to be fixed in the soil and becomes immovable, but soil microbial activities are critical in converting insoluble phosphates into soluble phosphates, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play a key role in this process (Tabassum et al, 2017;Chatterjee et al, 2021).…”