Cold tolerance of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes

Brown, Ian; Gaugler, Randy

doi:10.1016/0306-4565(95)00033-x

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…By contrast, most temperate species respond to a period of low but nonfreezing temperatures by developing greater ability to withstand subsequent freezing through a cell-autonomous process of cold acclimation (1). Cold acclimation also occurs in other organisms such as nematodes and insects (3,4). The extent of increased freezing tolerance achieved varies among species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

eskimo1mutants ofArabidopsisare constitutively freezing-tolerant

Xin

Browse

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

377

301

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Temperate plants develop a greater ability to withstand freezing in response to a period of low but nonfreezing temperatures through a complex, adaptive process of cold acclimation. Very little is known about the signaling processes by which plants perceive the low temperature stimulus and transduce it into the nucleus to activate genes needed for increased freezing tolerance. To help understand the signaling processes, we have isolated mutants of Arabidopsis that are constitutively freezing-tolerant in the absence of cold acclimation. Freezing tolerance of wild-type Arabidopsis was increased from ؊5.5°C to ؊12.6°C by cold acclimation whereas the freezing tolerance of 26 mutant lines ranged from ؊6.8°C to ؊10.6°C in the absence of acclimation. Plants with mutations at the eskimo1 (esk1) locus accumulated high levels of proline, a compatible osmolyte, but did not exhibit constitutively increased expression of several cold-regulated genes involved in freezing tolerance. RNA gel blot analysis suggested that proline accumulation in esk1 plants was mediated by regulation of transcript levels of genes involved in proline synthesis and degradation. The characterization of esk1 mutants and results from other mutants suggest that distinct signaling pathways activate different aspects of cold acclimation and that activation of one pathway can result in considerable freezing tolerance without activation of other pathways.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

eskimo1mutants ofArabidopsisare constitutively freezing-tolerant

Xin

Browse

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

377

301

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“…Only spore-forming microorganisms are likely to withstand these conditions (Hughes and Nobbs 2004). Antarctic soil metazoa can survive −80°C for years (Newsham et al 2006), but lethal temperatures of −5°C to −30°C are the norm for invertebrates from temperature latitudes (Brown and Gaugler 1996;Addo-Bediako et al 2000). Our study showed that decomposition rate and nitrate concentration in pots was lowest immediately after the freezing treatment, but then increased with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Effect of soil biota on growth and allocation by Eucalyptus microcarpa

et al. 2008

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“…Acclimation to low temperature can increase freezing tolerance indicating metabolic mechanisms to deal with stress. This acclimation is however species dependent [2] and thus probably completely absent in a tropical nematode like R. similis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryopreservation of Radopholus similis, a tropical plant-parasitic nematode

et al. 2007

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For obligate plant-parasitic nematodes, cryopreservation has advantages over the usual preservation methods on whole plants or axenic culture systems, because the latter two are laborious and time and space consuming. In addition, cross contamination among different isolates can occur easily. Moreover, specific genetic studies require maintenance of the original population. The nematode under investigation, Radopholus similis, is a plant-parasitic nematode from the humid tropics. Therefore, any treatment at low temperatures is likely to add extra stress to the nematode, making the development of a cryopreservation protocol extremely difficult. In this paper, we describe experiments to achieve a successful cryopreservation protocol for the tropical nematode R. similis using vitrification solutionbased methods based on a well defined mixture of cryoprotectants in combination with ultrarapid cooling and thawing rates. A two-step treatment was used consisting of an incubation in glycerol followed by the application of a vitrifying mixture of methanol, glycerol and glucose. After cryopreservation, the pathogenicity of the nematodes was not altered, since they could infect and reproduce on carrot discs after recovery in the Ringer solution. The cryopreservation method described can be used for routine cryopreservation of R. similis lines from different origins.

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Cold tolerance of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

eskimo1mutants ofArabidopsisare constitutively freezing-tolerant

eskimo1mutants ofArabidopsisare constitutively freezing-tolerant

Effect of soil biota on growth and allocation by Eucalyptus microcarpa

Cryopreservation of Radopholus similis, a tropical plant-parasitic nematode

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