Colonization of plant roots by egg‐parasitic and nematode‐trapping fungi

Bordallo, J.J; López-Llorca, Luis Vicente; Jansson, Hans; Salinas, J.; Persmark, Lotta; Asensio, L.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00399.x

Cited by 172 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The plasticity of infection structures in nematode-trapping fungi has been extensively studied in A. oligospora (68). Hence, this fungus has the capacity to colonize plant roots by the aid of appressorium-like structures (69). Furthermore, it was observed that the infected plant cells contained structures similar to the infection bulbs that the fungus forms inside penetrated nematodes (3).…”

Section: Cell Surface Proteins (I) Proteins Containing the Wsc Domaimentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Andersson

Meerupati

Levander

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many nematophagous fungi use morphological structures called traps to capture nematodes by adhesion or mechanically. To better understand the cellular functions of adhesive traps, the trap cell proteome of the fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum was characterized. The trap of M. haptotylum consists of a unicellular structure called a knob that develops at the apex of a hypha. Proteins extracted from knobs and mycelia were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The peptide sequences were matched against predicted gene models from the recently sequenced M. haptotylum genome. In total, 336 proteins were identified, with 54 expressed at significantly higher levels in the knobs than in the mycelia. The upregulated knob proteins included peptidases, small secreted proteins with unknown functions, and putative cell surface adhesins containing carbohydrate-binding domains, including the WSC domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all upregulated WSC domain proteins belonged to a large, expanded cluster of paralogs in M. haptotylum. Several peptidases and homologs of experimentally verified proteins in other pathogenic fungi were also upregulated in the knob proteome. Complementary profiling of gene expression at the transcriptome level showed poor correlation between the upregulation of knob proteins and their corresponding transcripts. We propose that the traps of M. haptotylum contain many of the proteins needed in the early stages of infection and that the trap cells can tightly control the translation and degradation of these proteins to minimize the cost of protein synthesis. N ematode-trapping fungi have the unique ability to capture and infect free-living nematodes (1). Given their potential use as biological control agents for plant-and animal-parasitic nematodes (2), there is much interest in studying their infection biology. To enter the parasitic stage, nematode-trapping fungi develop a unique morphological structure called traps. These traps develop from hyphal branches, either spontaneously or in response to signals from the environment, such as peptides or other compounds released by the host nematode (3). Molecular phylogeny studies have shown that the majority of nematode-trapping fungi belong to a monophyletic group in the order Orbiliales (Ascomycota). Within this clade, the trapping mechanisms have evolved along two major lineages, one leading to species with constricting rings and the other to species with adhesive traps, including three-dimensional networks, knobs, and branches (4-6).Despite large variation in their morphology, adhesive traps share a unique ultrastructure that clearly separates them from vegetative hyphae (3). One feature that is common to all traps is the presence of numerous cytosolic organelles called dense bodies. These organelles have catalase and D-amino acid oxidase activities, which indicates that they are peroxisome-like organelles (3). However, the function of these organelles is not yet fully understood. Another feature of th...

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Section: Cell Surface Proteins (I) Proteins Containing the Wsc Domaimentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Andersson

Meerupati

Levander

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Another type of plant protection mediated by endophytic fungi may come from nematophagous fungi which can inhabit plant roots as endophytes (Bordallo et al, 2002). In a similar fashion, some species of entomophagous fungi [e.g.…”

Section: Interactions With Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal endophytes and their interaction with plant pathogens: a review

Zabalgogeazcoa

2008

Span. j. agric. res.

136

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Endophytes are fungi which infect plants without causing symptoms. Fungi belonging to this group are ubiquitous, and plant species not associated to fungal endophytes are not known. In addition, there is a large biological diversity among endophytes, and it is not rare for some plant species to be hosts of more than one hundred different endophytic species. Different mechanisms of transmission, as well as symbiotic lifestyles occur among endophytic species. Latent pathogens seem to represent a relatively small proportion of endophytic assemblages, also composed by latent saprophytes and mutualistic species. Some endophytes are generalists, being able to infect a wide range of hosts, while others are specialists, limited to one or a few hosts. Endophytes are gaining attention as a subject for research and applications in Plant Pathology. This is because in some cases plants associated to endophytes have shown increased resistance to plant pathogens, particularly fungi and nematodes. Several possible mechanisms by which endophytes may interact with pathogens are discussed in this review.

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“…In this case, the dye must be applied before removal of paraffin (Ruzin, 1999). This method allows the detection of phenolics as well as tannins, lignins and suberins (Baayen et al, 1996;Bordallo et al, 2002;Mellersh et al, 2002;Crews et al, 2003). It also works well as a general staining but combined with other microscopical techniques can give valuable information (LozanoBaena et al, 2007;Pérez-de-Luque et al, 2007).…”

Section: How Are Resistant Plants Identified? the Breadth Of Techniqumentioning

confidence: 99%

Host plant resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche spp.): defence reactions and mechanisms of resistance

Pérez‐de‐Luque

Moreno

Rubiales

2008

Annals of Applied Biology

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Over 4000 species of angiosperms are able to directly invade and parasitise other plants, but only very few are weedy and parasitise cultivated plants. Together with the witchweeds (Striga spp.) and dodders (Cuscuta spp.), the broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) affect important crops causing complete yield loses with severe infestations. Genetic resistance to parasitisation remains as one of the most desirable components in an integrated control strategy. However, breeding for resistance is a difficult task and many aspects of the host/parasite interaction remain unknown. In the present work, we review the cytological and cytochemical studies investigating the mechanisms of resistance involved in the process leading to an incompatible host-parasite interaction. We have attempted to identify the main gaps and problems related to such studies with parasitic plants and present an in-depth review of histochemical techniques used to assess mechanisms of resistance against these parasitic plants. Furthermore, we discuss future research directions and novel techniques and finally, how such techniques can be applied and incorporated within a breeding programme.

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Colonization of plant roots by egg‐parasitic and nematode‐trapping fungi

Cited by 172 publications

References 29 publications

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Fungal endophytes and their interaction with plant pathogens: a review

Host plant resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche spp.): defence reactions and mechanisms of resistance

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