Colonization of the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Farmed South African Abalone Haliotis midae by the Probionts Vibrio midae SY9, Cryptococcus sp. SS1, and Debaryomyces hansenii AY1

Abstract

Viable cell counts and/or in situ hybridization were used to determine whether the probionts Vibrio midae SY9, Cryptococcus sp. SS1, and Debaryomyces hansenii AY1 can colonize the gastrointestinal tract of the South African abalone Haliotis midae. The number of culturable probiotic cells reisolated from H. midae fed probiotic-supplemented feed for 3 weeks ranged from 10(6) to 10(7) cfu/g gut material. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in probiont numbers 2 days after feeding the probiotic-supplemented feed had been halted correlated with a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in intestinal protease and amylase activity. There was a positive correlation between Cryptococcus sp. SS1 and amylase activity (r2= 0.681) and V. midae SY9.8 and protease activity (r2= 0.711) in the H. midae intestine. Although culturable probionts were isolated from abalone that had not been fed probiotic-supplemented feed for a 2-week period, the drop in the number of probiotic cells colonizing the abalone digestive tract 2 days after feeding with the probiotic-supplemented feed had been halted indicates that farmed abalone should be fed probiotic-supplemented feed at least every second day for maximum benefit.

Colonization and probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria in the gut of the abalone Haliotis gigantea

“…As a result, they enhance VSCFA production and digestive enzyme activities in the gut of H. gigantea. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of putative probiotic microorganisms to colonize [5,11,13,27,28] or show probiotic effects [4,8,[29][30][31][32] in the gut of fish and shellfish, but this is the first study of LAB probiotic colonization and activity in the gut of an abalone species.…”

“…Probiotics are thought to confer health benefits by stimulation of host immune responses and improvements in nutrition [1]. Most probiotics tested for use in aquaculture have been preparations of Gram-negative bacteria such as Vibrio [4,5] and Pseudomonas [6]; Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus [7] and lactic acid bacteria (LAB); yeasts such as Saccharomyces [8] and Debaryomyces [4]; and microalgae such as Tetraselmis [9].…”

“…In one abalone species (Haliotis midae), it has been shown that three probiotics (Vibrio midae SY9, Cryptococcus sp. SS1, and Debaryomyces hansenii AY1) can colonize in the gastrointestinal tract and enhance enzyme activity [5], but there have been no studies regarding colonization and enhancement of enzyme activity by LAB in abalones. In this study, LAB was isolated from a number of sources and evaluated for its ability to colonize the gut of the Japanese abalone Haliotis gigantea and potentially enhance enzyme activity and production of volatile short-chain fatty acids (VSCFA).…”

Bacteria with Probiotic Capabilities Isolated from the Digestive Tract of the Ornamental Fish Pterophyllum scalare

“…When testing the persistence of probiotics in the digestive tract of the fish, the Bps3 strain maintained a higher cell count up to the tenth week after suspending the foodcontaining probiotics. The permanence of the probiotics in the faeces evidenced the great colonizing power of the digestive tract of the fish in contrast with other aquatic organisms, such as the Abalone mollusc, which show a marked decrease in probiotic cells during the first and second days after ceasing probiotic feed and show low amounts of these cells (p<0.05) in their faeces 15 days later (Macey & Coyne, 2006).…”

“…These higher counts indicate that the Bsp2 strain was better to colonize the digestive tract of the fish (p< 0.05) and will thrive as long as this probiotic is provided. Studies performed with aquatic organisms have also shown that, when supplying different strains of probiotics, even if they all colonise, there will always be one strain that dominates or varies its number of cells over time (Gildberg et al, 1997;Ringo and Vadstein, 1998;Ringo & Olsen., 1999;Rengpipat et al, 2000;Nikoskelainen et al, 2003;Gullian et al, 2004;Macey & Coyne, 2006;). When testing the persistence of probiotics in the digestive tract of the fish, the Bps3 strain maintained a higher cell count up to the tenth week after suspending the foodcontaining probiotics.…”