Color-break effect on Kinnow (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) fruit‘s internal quality at early ripening stages under varying environmental conditions

Nawaz, Rab; Abbasi, Nadeem Akhtar; Hafiz, Ishfaq Ahmad; Khalid, Azeem

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.05.041

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Having more chlorophyll contents in green colored Kinnow fruits, chromameter value a* was observed in negative line along with less values of other parameters such as b* , L* and C* during August. In Kinnow and in Khasi mandarin have observed less chlorophyll contents in peel at the arrival of maturity and attributed loss of green color due to diminishing level of chlorophyll contents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Hue ( h* ) angle portrays color tones and rotates at 360°. The values at 270° or above depict blue color, 180° bluish green, 120° green, 90° yellow and 0° red‐purple …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Citrus growth stage I (cell division) and II (cell enlargement) are linked with growth and development of fruit components, whereas growth III (maturing and ripening) brings changes to peel composition at the time of color development in fruit and rest of citrus phenophases, all are predisposed by environmental factors variability . Kinnow mandarin being grown in warm regions starts late color‐break with mediocre outlook and quality…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peel coloration is hindered by prolonging period of summer with increased humid conditions in autumn . Peel coloration is not only used in spot‐picking of Kinnow mandarin in Pakistan but also used as quality indicator in domestic market as well as maturity index for export …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is sole exportable citrus fruit whose harvest starts in late November and lasts till February with spot picking at early maturing stage . Color development in Kinnow mandarin is not only used as quality attribute and maturity index in inland markets where 85–90% fresh fruits are consumed, but also used as a tool for spot harvesting of exportable quality fruits …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones

et al. 2020

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Background Kinnow orchards were selected in different ecological zones in districts Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh (TTS) and Vehari of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Three biological replicates in block form were applied by using analysis of variance techniques to assess varying agrometeorological indices impact on fruit color‐development and peel composition. Results Fruit samples were randomly collected on each month's end starting from August up to February. Chromameter was used for measuring coloring parameters and its values a*, b*, C* and L* were increased from August till February with a rapid elevation started at color‐break stage, while hue angle (h*) rotated from 120° to 60° of portraying green to yellow shade. An increasing level of chlorophyll contents were noted in August till color‐break at the end of October and then diminished afterwards. Whereas, carotenoids increased rapidly upon yellow tinting peel of Kinnow fruits till fully attained deep orange color at the end of February. Ascorbic acid content and total phenolic content (TPC) showed a decreasing trend whereas anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were increased from August to February, with unchanged flavonoids and flavonols level. Fruit firmness was gradually reduced till color‐break with rapid reduction noted subsequently. Maturity index represented internal ripening directly increased with color‐development. Conclusion Color development has directly influenced on maturity index and both were increased rapidly after color‐break to afterwards. More color development with rapid reduction in chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and TPC level were seen in warm districts namely TTS and Vehari after color‐break stage due to accumulating more agrometeorological indices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Hue ( h* ) angle portrays color tones and rotates at 360°. The values at 270° or above depict blue color, 180° bluish green, 120° green, 90° yellow and 0° red‐purple …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%