Combination and positional distribution of fatty acids in lipids from blue-green algae

Zepke, H. D.; Heinz, Ernst; Radunz, Alfons; Linscheid, Michael; Pesch, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00964267

Cited by 62 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Palmitate was almost exclusively esterified to the sn-2 position. This distribution of fatty acids is similar to that found in filamentous cyanobacteria, such as A. variabilis (17), Anabaena cylindrica, Oscillatoria chalybea, Nostoc calcicola, and Tolypothrix tenuis (31). Note that the major changes in fatty acid composition with growth temperature occurred in the C18 acids at the sn-position in all classes of lipids.…”

Section: Isothermal Growth Conditionssupporting

confidence: 82%

Temperature-Induced Changes in the Fatty Acid Composition of the Cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC6803

Wada

Murata²

1990

Plant Physiol.

174

124

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Changes in glycerolipid and fatty acid composition with a change in growth temperature were studied in the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC6803. Under isothermal growth conditions, temperature did not significantly affect the composition of the various classes of lipids, but a decrease in temperature altered the degree of unsaturation of Cie acids at the sn-1 position, but not that of C16 acids at the sn-2 position of the glycerol moiety in each class of lipids. When the growth temperature was shifted from 380C to 220C, the desaturation of Cis acids, but not that of Cie acids, was stimulated. The desaturation of fatty acids occurred only in the light and was inhibited by chloramphenicol, rifampicin and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, but not by cerulenin, an inhibitor for fatty acid synthesis. These findings suggest that desaturase activities are induced after a shift from a higher to a lower temperature, and that the desaturation of fatty acids is connected with the reactions involved in photosynthetic electron transport.A number of organisms can regulate the fatty acid composition of their membrane lipids in response to a change in ambient temperature (16,28). Such temperature-induced changes in fatty acid composition are explained in terms of the regulation of membrane fluidity that is necessary for the proper functioning of biological membranes (4).Prokaryotic algae, cyanobacteria, resemble the chloroplasts of eukaryotic plants with respect to lipid and fatty acid composition (13) and membrane structure (26). Thus, the cyanobacteria may be regarded as a model system for elucidation of the effects of temperature on membrane lipids in the chloroplast. Sato and Murata (18,19) studied the desaturations of fatty acids induced by low temperature in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis, and they showed that the desaturation acts to compensate for the decrease in membrane fluidity that results from the decrease in temperature. They suggested that desaturase activity is induced after a shift to lower temperatures (19). However, the enzymes involved in the desaturation of fatty acids remain to be identified.The cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC6803, is a transformable strain (7) and, therefore, it offers a molecular-genetic approach to the resolution of the role of the desaturation of fatty acids in the acclimation to changes in temperature. However, the effects of temperature on the lipid and fatty acid composition of this alga have not been reported. Kenyon (8) reported that this cyanobacterium contains 16:0,2 16:1, 18:1, 18:2 and a unique fatty acid, y-18:3, as major fatty acids. This fatty acid composition is very different from that of A. variabilis and, therefore, the nature of the changes in fatty acids in response to temperature may differ between Synechocystis PCC6803 and A. variabilis.In the present study, we examined the effect oftemperature on the lipid and fatty acid composition of Synechocystis PCC6803 under isothermal growth conditions and after a downward shift in temperature. In ...

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Section: Isothermal Growth Conditionssupporting

confidence: 82%

Temperature-Induced Changes in the Fatty Acid Composition of the Cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC6803

Wada

Murata²

1990

Plant Physiol.

174

124

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“…The spectrum was taken from a sample which was isolated from an envelope preparation different from that used for the analyses shown in Fig.4. The fragmentation pattern is analogous to that of trigalactosyl diacylglycerol [34]. The signals of the molecular ions and those due to loss of acetic acid are of poor signal to noise ratio and resolution, but could be assigned without ambiguity.…”

Section: Pigments and Lipids Of The Envelopementioning

confidence: 87%

“…The other phospholipids phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are separated from the above mentioned lipids by the fact that they exclude c 1 6 fatty acids (in this case c16:O) from their sn-2 position [44] and therefore may be considered to belong to a different group. In this context it may be mentioned that several procaryotic blue-green algae, the progenitors of which may be considered to be the ancestors of chloroplasts, direct C16 fatty acids into the sn-2 and c 1 8 fatty acids into the sn-1 position [34]. Therefore one could speculate that all lipids carrying at least part of their c 1 6 fatty acids at C-2 of glycerol, are made by chloroplasts.…”

Section: Positional Distribution Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Lipids from Chloroplast Envelopes

et al. 1979

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The major neutral, glycolipids and phospholipids from envelopes of spinach chloroplasts were analyzed with respect to proportions, positional distribution and pairing of fatty acids. All specificities in the diacylglycerol portions of lipids known from previous analyses of lipids from whole leaves were also found in envelope lipids. Diacylglycerols and galactolipids share a common diacylglycerol portion. The only exception is digalactosyl diacylglycerol, which contains 18 : 3/16 : 0 but lacks 18 : 3/16 : 3 species reverting the distribution in other galactolipids. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol are distinct from the galactolipids, because each one has a unique diacylglycerol profile. The diacylglycerol species present in phosphatidylcholine and galactolipids or free diacylglycerols do not provide evidence for a biogenetic relation between phosphatidylcholine and galactolipids at the level of envelopes.

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“…The lipid profile of cyanobacterial membranes is composed of mono-and di-galactosyl-diacyl-glycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively), sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol (SQDG), and phosphatidyl-diacyl-glycerol (PG). C18 chains are preferred at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone, while C16 chains are preferred at the sn-2 position (Zepke et al 1978;Hölzl and Dörmann 2007;Sato and Wada 2009). An essential role for PG has been found in photosynthesis (Sato et al 2000;Domonkos et al 2004;Sato 2004;Wada and Murata 2007) and regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis (Domonkos et al 2009); SQDG and/or DGDG seem to substitute PG under phosphate limitation (Güler et al 1996;Dörmann and Benning 2002;Sato 2004;Frentzen 2004;Awai et al 2007;Kobayashi et al 2009); and MGDG or the MGDG/DGDG ratio has been bound to the upkeep of the PSII complex functional configuration and efficient energy transfer between the photosystem II antenna complexes and core complex (Grzyb et al 2008;Leng et al 2008;Zhou et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in membrane lipids and carotenoids during light acclimation in a marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.

et al. 2012

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), was determined in a marine Synechococcus strain. Highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode array detector (DAD) or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for compound separation and detection. Myxoxanthophyll rose within a time interval of 8 h to 24 h after the onset of exposure to HL. β-carotene content started to decrease after 4 h of the onset of exposure to HL. Zeaxanthin content rose with exposure to HL, but it was only significant after 24 h of exposure. Carotenoid changes are in agreement with a coordinated activity of the enzymes of the myxoxanthophyll biosynthetic pathway, with no rate-limiting intermediate steps. Lipid analysis showed all species with a C18:3/C16:0 composition increased their content, the changes of PG(18:3/16:0) and MGDG(18:3/16:0) being primarily significant. Major lipid changes were also found to occur within 24 h. These changes might suggest reduction and reorganization of the thylakoid membrane structure. Hypotheses are also drawn on the role played by lipid molecule shape and their possible effect in membrane fluidity and protein accommodation.[Montero O, Sánchez-Guijo A, Lubián LM and Martínez-Rodríguez G 2012 Changes in membrane lipids and carotenoids during light acclimation in a marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. J.

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Combination and positional distribution of fatty acids in lipids from blue-green algae

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

Temperature-Induced Changes in the Fatty Acid Composition of the Cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC6803

Temperature-Induced Changes in the Fatty Acid Composition of the Cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC6803

Characterization of Lipids from Chloroplast Envelopes

Changes in membrane lipids and carotenoids during light acclimation in a marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.

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