Combination of minocycline and rifampicin against methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Yourassowsky, E; Linden, MP Van Der; Lismont, M.J.; Crokaert, Françoise

doi:10.1136/jcp.34.5.559

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Unlike heavily contaminated areas such as the gastrointestinal tract, catheters are rarely heavily colonized or exposed to highgrade bacteremia (27). In vitro (24,30) and in vivo (3,5) studies have demonstrated that minocycline protects against the emergence of staphylococcal strains that are resistant to rifampin. In addition, neither rifampin nor minocycline was found to be associated with cross-resistance to other betalactam or glycopeptide antibiotics (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activity of the combination of minocycline and rifampin has occasionally been shown to be synergistic (24,30) but never antagonistic. In a recent susceptibility study of 197 methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible S. epidermidis and S. aureus bacteremic isolates from the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, the MICs of minocycline, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin at which 90% of strains are inhibited were 1.0, 0.5, and 32.0 g/ml, respectively (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotics and prevention of microbial colonization of catheters

Raad

Darouiche

Hachem

et al. 1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

213

106

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Slime-producing staphylococci frequently colonize catheters, and when they are embedded in biofilm, they become resistant to various antibiotics. In the study that is described, the comparative efficacies of vancomycin, clindamycin, novobiocin, and minocycline, alone or in combination with rifampin, were tested in an in vitro model of colonization. The model consisted of the modified Robbins device with antibiotic-impregnated cement filling the lumen of catheter segments. The synergistic combination of minocycline and rifampin was the most efficacious in preventing bacterial colonization of slime-producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus to catheter surfaces. A similar trend was observed when the inhibitory activities of polyurethane catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin were compared with the inhibitory activities of catheters coated with other antimicrobial agents. The inhibitory activities of catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis strains, for example, were significantly better than those of catheters coated with vancomycin (P < 0.05). The inhibitory activities of catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin against gram-negative bacilli and Candida albicans were comparable to those of catheters coated with ceftazidime and amphotericin B, respectively. We found that the combination of minocycline and rifampin is unique and highly effective in preventing the colonization of catheters with slimeproducing staphylococci and that it also displays a broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against gram-negative bacteria and yeast cells.Catheters are one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections and primary septicemia (16). Catheter-related infections are most commonly caused by coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly slime-producing strains (1, 2). Because methicillin resistance is very prevalent among Staphylococcus epidermidis organisms and is increasing in frequency among Staphylococcus aureus strains, vancomycin remains the frontline intravenous antibiotic for the treatment of catheter-related bacteremia (12).In developing anti-infective catheters coated with antibiotics, one must avoid such potential limitations as the inhibition of antimicrobial activity by the slime material, the emergence of drug resistance, and superinfection by Candida species. In an in vitro susceptibility study of 197 catheter-related staphylococcal isolates collected between 1983 and 1993 at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, minocycline, novobiocin, and rifampin were shown to have antimicrobial activities equivalent to those of vancomycin and other glycopeptide antibiotics (21). In the current study, we compared the efficacies of vancomycin, clindamycin, minocycline, novobiocin, and rifampin when used alone and in combination for preventing the microbial colonization of catheters. In addition, catheters coated with either amphotericin B, vancomycin, ceftazidime, or minocycline ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics and prevention of microbial colonization of catheters

Raad

Darouiche

Hachem

et al. 1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

213

106

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“…However, literature is having quite a number of reports reporting primary MRSA resistance to rifampin as well as following combination therapy (Yourassowksy et al 1981, Gottlieb et al 1998, Aucken et al 2002, Norazah et al 2002, Srinivasan et al 2006. A study has shown emergence of rifampin resistance to MRSA in tuberculosis wards.…”

Section: Peter F M Choongmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with acute hip prosthetic joint infections and outcome of treatment with a rifampin‐based regimen

2008

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“…Although it has been shown that these resistant strains exhibit poor carrier colonizing potential (21,22), only a small number of colonized personnel are necessary to perpetuate an outbteak (17,19). Reporting on a large outbreak of multiply antibiotic-resistant S. aureus, Locksley et al (19) have found that the outbreak was controlled only (2,18,20,25,39). For this reason, in addition to the potential renal and hepatotoxic problems associated with use of rifampin, it is generally recommended that it be used to eradicate colonization only in high-risk situations, and then only in combination with an additional antistaphylococcal antibiotic (19,20,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reporting on a large outbreak of multiply antibiotic-resistant S. aureus, Locksley et al (19) have found that the outbreak was controlled only (2,18,20,25,39). For this reason, in addition to the potential renal and hepatotoxic problems associated with use of rifampin, it is generally recommended that it be used to eradicate colonization only in high-risk situations, and then only in combination with an additional antistaphylococcal antibiotic (19,20,39). Rifampin in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been used successfully to eradicate the carrier state in patients colonized at both nasal and extranasal sites (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rifampin and bacitracin on nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus

McANALLY¹,

Lewis²,

Brown³

1984

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Anterior nares cultures from 664 hospital personnel identified 165 (24.8%) as carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. Persistent carriers (17.8%) were identified and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: rifampin (600 mg once a day for 5 days), bacitracin ointment (topically applied three times a day for 10 days), combined rifampin and bacitracin, and control (no treatment). Bacitracin ointment was ineffective in eliminating S. aureus from the anterior nares and had a postreatment carrier rate equal to the control rate. Rifampin therapy caused a highly significant reduction (79%) in carriage; however, combined therapy was not as effective as treatment with rifampin alone. Of 132 strains of staphylococci isolated before and after treatment, all were susceptible to less than 0.016 micrograms of rifampin per ml. This study demonstrates that rifampin may be an effective antistaphylococcal antibiotic and could be used to control the carrier state in high-risk situations.

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Combination of minocycline and rifampicin against methicillin- and gentamicin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus

Abstract: Methicillin- and gentamicin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusmay remain sensitive to minocycline and to rifampicin. A study of growth curves has shown that at inhibitory concentrations (0·4 μg/ml), minocycline prevents the development of mutants resistant to rifampicin.

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Antibiotics and prevention of microbial colonization of catheters

Antibiotics and prevention of microbial colonization of catheters

Risk factors associated with acute hip prosthetic joint infections and outcome of treatment with a rifampin‐based regimen

Effect of rifampin and bacitracin on nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus

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