Combustion characteristics of high-energy Al/CuO composite powders: The role of oxidizer structure and pellet density

Ahn, Ji Young; Kim, Ji Hoon; Kim, Jong Man; Lee, Deug Woo; Park, Jong Kweon; Lee, Donggeun; Kim, Sung Hyun

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2013.03.017

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The latter two nanocomposites were involved in half‐confined combustion and had a loose structure. This has a positive effect on the burn rate, which can explain these higher burn rates when compared to the Al/PVDF films and pressed Al/Teflon nanocomposite. The lower burn rate of the Al/PVDF film may not be a disadvantage because of its primary intended use as a propellant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray Deposition of Energetic Polymer Nanocomposites with High Mass Particle Loadings: A Prelude to 3D Printing of Rocket Motors

et al. 2014

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One of the challenges in the use of energetic nanoparticles within a polymer matrix is the difficulty in processing by traditional mixing methods. In this paper, electrospray deposition is employed to create high loadings of aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reactive composite films. The deposited films containing up to 50 wt% Al are found to be crack free and mechanically flexible. Thermochemical behavior characterized by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis shows that the addition of Al-NPs sharply reduces the onset decomposition temperature due to a pre-ignition reaction occurring in the film. The combustion propagation velocity in air at three different mass loading of Al-NPs shows burning rates of 5, 16, and 23 cm s À 1 for loadings of 16.7,30, The results suggest electrospray deposition as a direct approach to make bulk polymer composites containing high metal particle mass loading and may be a prelude to 3D printing of rocket motors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray Deposition of Energetic Polymer Nanocomposites with High Mass Particle Loadings: A Prelude to 3D Printing of Rocket Motors

et al. 2014

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“…To examine the reactants and byproducts of the thermal reaction of the NaN 3 /CuO/Al composite powders, a series of XRD analyses were performed before and after the ignition and combustion reactions of the powders. The possible chemical reaction pathways regarding the three major reactants of NaN 3 , Al, and CuO can be represented as follows: ,,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energetic materials are mixtures of fuel and oxidizing materials that rapidly release heat and gas byproducts when ignited by external energy input. − The amount of thermal energy generated by energetic materials depends on the interfacial contact area and degree of intermixing between the fuel and oxidizing materials, the chemical compositions, and the size of the reacting materials. − In most formulations, macro- and microscale Al as a highly reactive and readily available material is used for the fuel materials, and various low-cost metal oxides (e.g., Fe 2 O 3 , KMnO 4 , CuO, MoO 3 ) are used for energetic oxidizers. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro- and Nanoscale Energetic Materials as Effective Heat Energy Sources for Enhanced Gas Generators

Kim

Cho

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of micro- and nanoscale energetic materials in formulations of aluminum microparticles (Al MPs; heat source)/aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs; heat source)/copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs; oxidizer) on the combustion and gas-generating properties of sodium azide microparticles (NaN3 MPs; gas-generating agent) for potential applications in gas generators. The burn rate of the NaN3 MP/CuO NP composite powder was only ∼0.3 m/s. However, the addition of Al MPs and Al NPs to the NaN3 MP/CuO NP matrix caused the rates to reach ∼1.5 and ∼5.3 m/s, respectively. In addition, the N2 gas volume flow rate generated by the ignition of the NaN3 MP/CuO NP composite powder was only ∼0.6 L/s, which was significantly increased to ∼1.4 and ∼3.9 L/s by adding Al MPs and Al NPs, respectively, to the NaN3 MP/CuO NP composite powder. This suggested that the highly reactive Al MPs and NPs, with the assistance of CuO NPs, were effective heat-generating sources enabling the complete thermal decomposition of NaN3 MPs upon ignition. Al NPs were more effective than Al MPs in the gas generators because of the increased reactivity induced by the reduced particle size. Finally, we successfully demonstrated that a homemade airbag with a specific volume of ∼140 mL could be rapidly and fully inflated by the thermal activation of nanoscale energetic material-added gas-generating agents (i.e., NaN3 MP/Al NP/CuO NP composites) within the standard time of ∼50 ms for airbag inflation.

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“…A major challenge in energetic materials (propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics) lies in the fine balance among mechanical integrity, energy density, and energy release rate. − Although some energetic materials, such as monomolecular explosives, can release their energy on very small timescales, these reactions are intrinsically limited in energy output based on their fixed stoichiometry and final products. − Other materials, such as metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) or nanothermites, have a potentially higher energy output but react on a much longer timescale. − Interestingly, when mixing the nanothermite with high explosives, the combustion of the nanothermite could induce the transition from deflagration to detonation of a submicron high explosive powder. − The time over which the energy is released is critical to their effective use as a propellant or other niche application of energetic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Fibers Enhance the Propagation of High Loading Nanothermites: In Situ Observation of Microscopic Combustion

Wang

Kline

Rehwoldt

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A major challenge in formulating and manufacturing energetic materials lies in the balance between total energy density, energy release rate, and mechanical integrity. In this work, carbon fibers are embedded into ∼90 wt % loading Al/CuO nanothermite sticks through a simple extrusion direct writing technique. With only ∼2.5 wt % carbon fiber addition, the burn rate and heat flux were promoted >2×. In situ microscopic observation of combustion shows that the carbon fiber intercept ejected hot agglomerates near the burning surface and enhanced heat feedback to the unreacted material. This study outlines how these approaches may enhance the propagation and reduce the two-phase flow losses.

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Combustion characteristics of high-energy Al/CuO composite powders: The role of oxidizer structure and pellet density

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Electrospray Deposition of Energetic Polymer Nanocomposites with High Mass Particle Loadings: A Prelude to 3D Printing of Rocket Motors

Electrospray Deposition of Energetic Polymer Nanocomposites with High Mass Particle Loadings: A Prelude to 3D Printing of Rocket Motors

Micro- and Nanoscale Energetic Materials as Effective Heat Energy Sources for Enhanced Gas Generators

Carbon Fibers Enhance the Propagation of High Loading Nanothermites: In Situ Observation of Microscopic Combustion

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