Commercial production of maleic anhydride by catalytic processes using fixed bed reactors

Burnett, Joseph C.; Keppel, R.A.; Robinson, William D.

doi:10.1016/0920-5861(87)85005-8

Cited by 49 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nanometer-scale fluorous environments can be attained within vesicles, micelles, or dendrimers that in turn dissolve in aqueous or organic solvents; however, the phases are often poorly defined physically and structurally (10)(11)(12). We previously showed (13,14) that pyridine-capped banana-shaped bridging ligands spontaneously www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 313 1 SEPTEMBER 2006…”

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confidence: 96%

“…VPO catalysts have been extensively studied (3,4,11), and commercial catalysts are typically prepared from VOHPO 4 I0.5H 2 O. In many cases, this material is precalcined at high temperatures before being loaded into the reactor and exposed at elevated temperature, typically È400-C, to reactants Eeither È1.5% butane in air for fixed bed reactors, È4 to 5% butane in air for fluidized bed reactors, or 100% butane for the riser reactor (12)(13)(14)^. The resulting catalyst comprises a complex mixture of (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 in combination with the a II -VOPO 4 and d-VOPO 4 phases (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chemically Induced Fast Solid-State Transitions of ω-VOPO ₄ in Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts

Conte

Budroni

Bartley

et al. 2006

Science

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Vanadium phosphates are important catalysts for the oxidation of alkanes, and commercial catalysts comprise a complex range of V4+ and V5+ phosphates. We used three complementary in situ characterization methodologies-powder x-ray diffraction and laser Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies-to show that the metastable phase omega-VOPO4 is very sensitive to many of the reactants and products of butane oxidation. A rapid transformation from omega-VOPO4 to delta-VOPO4 occurs on exposure to butane at the reaction temperature, and hence the metastable omega-VOPO4 may play a role in the formation of commercial catalysts.

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confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

Chemically Induced Fast Solid-State Transitions of ω-VOPO ₄ in Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts

Conte

Budroni

Bartley

et al. 2006

Science

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“…At industrial level, several kinds of reactors have been utilized for MA production. Fixed beds [7] require highly diluted conditions (less than 2% butane in air) because of the risk of explosion or autoignition. Higher butane concentrations can be used with fluidized bed reactors (up to 4% butane in air) due to a better heat removal and ease of reaction temperature control [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the use in circulating fluidized bed on the performance of a VPO catalyst: Characterization and transient studies

Pérez-Moreno

Irusta

Soler

et al. 2009

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Rapid increase in the price of benzene and strict pollution control norms in the next few decades necessitated commercialization of n-butane process and the first commercial plant was commissioned operational in 1974 by Monsanto. In subsequent decades, a variety of reactors such as multitubular fixed bed reactor, 6,7 fluidized bed reactor 8 and circulating fluidized bed reactor 8,9 have been used for n-butane oxidation process. Multitubular fixed bed reactors suffered from hot spot formation owing to the highly exothermic nature of this reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of partial oxidation in gas–solids downer reactors

2009

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Selective partial oxidations represent an important class of reactions in the process industry. Of particular interest is the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride (MAN), which is arguably the largest commercialized alkane partial oxidation process. Partial oxidation of n-butane, which uses vanadium phosphorous oxide (VPO) as a heterogeneous catalyst, is believed to operate through a unique mechanism in which lattice oxygen oxidizes n-butane selectively to MAN. Past work has shown that performing partial oxidation reactions in gas-solids riser configuration is realizable and commercially viable, which has lead to commercialization of this technology in the last decade. Though the riser configuration allows optimal and independent control of the oxidation and reduction steps, the riser unit suffers from solid backmixing at walls, which in turn result into lower conversion, nonoptimal selectivity and diminished overall yield of desired product. In recent years, there has been growing interest in downers involving cocurrent downflow of both solids and gas phases, hence offering relatively uniform flow characteristics. In this contribution, we explore through modeling the implications of effecting partial oxidation reactions in a downer (gas-solids cocurrent downflow) compared to that in a conventional riser reactor (gas-solids cocurrent up flow) operated under equivalent operating conditions. Further, we explore the operational space of downers for these reactions, suggesting ways for improving the productivity of downer for partial oxidation applications. V

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Commercial production of maleic anhydride by catalytic processes using fixed bed reactors

Cited by 49 publications

References 29 publications

Chemically Induced Fast Solid-State Transitions of ω-VOPO ₄ in Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts

Chemically Induced Fast Solid-State Transitions of ω-VOPO ₄ in Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts

Effect of the use in circulating fluidized bed on the performance of a VPO catalyst: Characterization and transient studies

Modeling of partial oxidation in gas–solids downer reactors

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Commercial production of maleic anhydride by catalytic processes using fixed bed reactors

Cited by 49 publications

References 29 publications

Chemically Induced Fast Solid-State Transitions of ω-VOPO 4 in Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts

Chemically Induced Fast Solid-State Transitions of ω-VOPO 4 in Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts

Effect of the use in circulating fluidized bed on the performance of a VPO catalyst: Characterization and transient studies

Modeling of partial oxidation in gas–solids downer reactors

Contact Info

Product

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About

Chemically Induced Fast Solid-State Transitions of ω-VOPO ₄ in Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts

Chemically Induced Fast Solid-State Transitions of ω-VOPO ₄ in Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts