Communication Disorders Related to Cleft Palate, Craniofacial Anomalies, and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

Kummer, Ann W.

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1277711

Cited by 51 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…While turbulent airflow certainly occurs, it is the quasi-periodic flutter of tissue associated with a nearly closed VP port that contributes to the “loud and distracting” sound of posterior NFs. 4 It should be noted that Kummer (2008) describes this sound as “rustle” and attributes it to the bubbling of secretions within a small VP port. Displacement of mucous within a partially closed and vibrating VP port can certainly contribute noise to a posterior NF.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Nasal Fricativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this explanation is attractive, it does not account for the initial event(s) that trigger nasal turbulence in a child without cleft palate that leads to accepting nasal frication as an auditory target for oral fricatives. Regardless of a known precipitating factor, most authors attribute the development of NFs in children without cleft palate to “faulty” VP learning (Kummer, 2008; Trost-Cardamone & Bernthal, 1993). …”

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confidence: 99%

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The Nature of Nasal Fricatives: Articulatory-Perceptual Characteristics and Etiologic Considerations

Zajac

2015

Perspect Speech Sci Orofac Disord

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Nasal fricatives (NFs) are unusual, maladaptive articulations used by children both with and without palatal anomalies to replace oral fricatives. Nasal fricatives vary in articulatory, aerodynamic, and acoustic-perceptual characteristics with two generally distinct types recognized. One type is produced with velopharyngeal (VP) constriction that results in turbulent nasal airflow and, frequently, tissue vibration (flutter) at the VP port. Trost (1981) described these as posterior NFs that have a distinctive snorting quality. A second type of NF is produced without significant VP constriction resulting in turbulent airflow generated at the anterior liminal valve of the nose. Of importance, both types are “active” alternative articulations in that the speaker occludes the oral cavity to direct all airflow through the nose (Harding & Grunwell, 1998). It is this oral gesture that differentiates NFs from obligatory (or passive) nasal air escape that may sound similar due to incomplete VP closure. The purpose of this article is to (1) describe the articulatory, aerodynamic, and acoustic-perceptual nature of NFs, and (2) propose a theoretical framework for the acquisition of NFs by children both with and without cleft palate.

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Section: Characteristics Of Nasal Fricativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature of Nasal Fricatives: Articulatory-Perceptual Characteristics and Etiologic Considerations

Zajac

2015

Perspect Speech Sci Orofac Disord

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“…Since auditory-perceptual assessment of speech disorders appears not to be a very exact science, it may be advisable to clinicians to corroborate the auditory-perceptual assessment with instrumental measures, such as nasalance scores for hypernasality [12, 38] or fundamental frequency measurements for intonation [32, 48]. Future research should investigate whether such acoustic measures could help anchor speech-language pathologists’ auditory-perceptual evaluations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that the increase in spectral energy in the low frequencies interferes with the perception of the fundamental frequency (the acoustic correlate for intonation). Since the accurate auditory-perceptual diagnosis of speech disorders informs further treatment decisions [10, 12], it is of importance to understand how these two aspects of speech production may relate to each other. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the presence of hypernasality affects listeners’ perception of intonation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypernasal Speech Is Perceived as More Monotonous than Typical Speech

Tardif

Berti

Marino

et al. 2018

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Background/Purpose: Anecdotal clinical reports have stated that hypernasal speech sounds monotonous. However, the relationship between the perception of intonation (i.e., the fundamental frequency variation across an utterance) and hypernasality (excessive nasal resonance during the production of non-nasal sounds) has not been investigated in research. We hypothesized that auditory-perceptual ratings of intonation would be significantly lower for more hypernasal stimuli. Methods: One male and one female voice actor simulated 3 levels of intonation (monotone, normal, and exaggerated) at 4 different levels of hypernasality (normal, mild, moderate, and severe). Thirty participants listened to the simulations and rated the intonation on a visual analogue scale from 0 (monotone) to 100 (exaggerated). Results: A mixed-effects ANOVA revealed main effects of intonation (F₂ = 236.46, p < 0.001), and hypernasality (F₃ = 159.89, p < 0.001), as well as an interaction between the two (F₆ = 28.35, p < 0.001). Post hoc analyses found that speech was rated as more monotonous as hypernasality increased. Summary/Implications: The presence of hypernasality in speech can lead listeners to perceive speech as more monotonous. Instrumental measures should be used to corroborate auditory-perceptual evaluations of speech features like intonation.

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“…2 For individuals with cleft palate, hypernasality is the primary speech disturbance accompanied by articulatory imprecision and voice problems, all of which contribute to deterioration of speech intelligibility. 3 Even following surgical repair, about 20%-30% of individuals with cleft palate still develop hypernasal speech. 4 For individuals with motor speech disorders, resonatory disturbances characterized by hypernasality and excessive nasal emission of air have been found to be one of the most detrimental speech features that lead to declines in speech intelligibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of oropharyngeal articulatory adaptation to compensate for the acoustic effects of nasalization

Rong

Kuehn

Shosted

2016

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Associations between tongue movement pattern consistency and formant movement pattern consistency in response to speech behavioral modifications The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, 3728 (2016) 1070-1082 (1973)]. In this study, a speaker-adaptive articulatory model was developed to simulate speaker-customized oropharyngeal articulatory adaptation to compensate for the acoustic effects of nasalization on /a/, /i/, and /u/. The results demonstrated that (1) the oropharyngeal articulatory adaptation effectively counteracted the effects of nasalization on the second lowest formant frequency (F2) and partially compensated for the effects of nasalization on vowel space (e.g., shifting and constriction of vowel space) and (2) the articulatory adaptation strategies generated by the speaker-adaptive model might be more efficacious for counteracting the acoustic effects of nasalization compared to the adaptation strategies generated by the standard articulatory model in Rong and Kuehn. The findings of this study indicated the potential of using oropharyngeal articulatory adaptation as a means to correct maladaptive articulatory behaviors and to reduce nasality.

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Communication Disorders Related to Cleft Palate, Craniofacial Anomalies, and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

The Nature of Nasal Fricatives: Articulatory-Perceptual Characteristics and Etiologic Considerations

The Nature of Nasal Fricatives: Articulatory-Perceptual Characteristics and Etiologic Considerations

Hypernasal Speech Is Perceived as More Monotonous than Typical Speech

Modeling of oropharyngeal articulatory adaptation to compensate for the acoustic effects of nasalization

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