TEMA: articulação compensatória na fissura palatina. OBJETIVO: contribuir para o aprofundamento de informações sobre os tipos de articulação compensatória descritos na literatura e, ainda, discutir as implicações e contribuições da avaliação clínica e instrumental na identificação destas produções. CONCLUSÃO: as articulações compensatórias merecem a atenção de clínicos e pesquisadores que atuam no Brasil, já que estas alterações são encontradas com grande freqüência em crianças e adultos com fissura palatina ou disfunção velofaríngea, o que compromete a qualidade de vida destes sujeitos. Os fonoaudiólogos devem aprofundar seus conhecimentos sobre os tipos de articulação compensatória e os procedimentos de avaliação, bem como devem estabelecer programas preventivos que favoreçam a aquisição fonológica sem o desenvolvimento dessas compensações.

Objective: Normative data were established for newly developed speech materials for nasalance assessment in Brazilian Portuguese. Materials and Methods: Nasalance scores of preexisting passages (oral ZOO-BR, low-pressure oral ZOO-BR2 and NASAL-BR), new nasalance passages (oral Dudu no zoológico, oral Dudu no bosque, oral-nasal O cãozinho Totó and nasal O nenê) and Brasilcleft articulation screening sentences were collected from 245 speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, including 121 males and 124 females, divided into 4 groups: children (5-9 years), adolescents (10-19 years), young adults (20-24 years) and adults (25-35 years). Results: Across all nasalance passages, adult females scored on average 2 percentage points higher than males. Children scored 2-4 percentage points lower than older groups for the preexisting nasalance passages ZOO-BR and ZOO-BR2. Nasalance scores for the new nasalance passages were not significantly different from the preexisting passages. Scores for high-pressure sentences did not differ significantly from the oral nasalance passage Dudu no bosque. Conclusion: The nasalance scores for the new nasalance passages were equivalent to the preexisting materials. The new shortened and simplified nasalance passages will be useful for assessing young children. Normative scores for the Brasilcleft high-pressure sentences were equivalent to the new oral passage Dudu no bosque.

OBJETIVO: investigar, com auxílio de análise acústica, o estabelecimento do contraste fonológico de produções de um sujeito com transtorno fonológico que apresenta neutralização (pela análise de oitiva) do contraste entre as oclusivas alveolar e velar. MÉTODOS: foram analisadas as produções das oclusivas /t/ e /k/ combinadas com as vogais /a/ e /u/ na posição acentuada em dois sujeitos - com e sem transtorno fonológico - ambos do sexo masculino, com faixa etária entre 5 e 6 anos. Os parâmetros fonético-acústicos analisados incluíram a inspeção acústica da forma de onda, os parâmetros relativos às características espectrais do burst; os parâmetros acústicos relativos às características acústicas das vogais adjacentes às oclusivas e os parâmetros acústicos relativos ao padrão temporal. RESULTADOS: nas produções da criança com transtorno fonológico observou-se a presença de contrastes encobertos entre as oclusivas investigadas, marcadas tanto pelo uso inadequado quanto pelo correto das pistas fonéticas, mas com valores insuficientes. Nas produções da criança sem transtorno fonológico observou-se o uso de pelo menos uma pista fonética relativa às principais características de um segmento oclusivo que, com magnitude suficiente, propicia o resgate do contraste entre /t/ e /k/ pelos ouvintes. Nas produções de ambos os sujeitos as pistas fonéticas foram dependentes do contexto vocálico. CONCLUSÃO: um determinado contraste fônico pode ser entendido como uma constelação de pistas fonéticas que variam em sua interdependência e significância perceptual.

Significantly higher nasalance values where identified during use of pharyngeal fricative.

Information about the prevalence of consonant production errors, including compensatory articulations (CA), in individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) who speak Brazilian Portuguese is limited, particularly regarding liquid sounds. The literature primarily reports the occurrence of CA for plosive and fricative sounds, since occurrence of CAs in sounds that require higher amounts of oral air pressure is expected. While the use of CA during liquid sound production is not expected, clinical experience suggests that individuals with CLP present with inadequate backing, elevation, and anteriorization of the tongue as well as tongue clicks during production of /r/ and /l/.ObjectivesDescribe the occurrence of consonant error productions during liquid sounds for children with CLP; compare the occurrence between children operated with the Furlow and von Langenbeck techniques for palatoplasty; and compare the occurrence between children operated between 9-12 months and 15-18 months of age at primary palatoplasty. Material and MethodsA sample of 397 children (237 males and 160 females) with operated unilateral CLP was studied. In this group, 163 underwent palatoplasty with the Furlow procedure and 234 with the modified von Langenbeck procedure. Age at palatoplasty was between 9 and 12 months for 189 children and between 15 and 18 months for 208 children. Data about production of /l/, /r/, /R/, /λ/ and consonant clusters /l/ and /r/ were obtained from speech pathology records. Speech pathologists registered the speech findings after an auditory-perceptual evaluation of the participants at the sixth year of age. ResultsThe use of middorsum palatal place (MDP) of production was identified for 2% of the sample. Tongue anteriorization of the /l/ production was observed for 55% of the children. No significant difference was found related to surgical technique, but children operated earlier developed the use of the consonant cluster /r/ sooner than children operated later (p=0.040). ConclusionWe found a low occurrence of use of cleft related CA during attempts of production of liquid phonemes, and the variable age at primary palatoplasty significantly interfered with the acquisition of consonant cluster /r/.