Community, mobility and racism in a semi-rural area: Comparing minority experience in East Kent

Ray, Larry; Reed, Kate

doi:10.1080/01419870420000315825

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Three households comprised an adult couple whose children had grown up and left home and a further three respondents lived alone. Over one-third of the households also included other family members, supporting evidence that a cultural norm of reciprocity exists amongst 'traditional' Gypsies, with mutual expectations that family members will provide accommodation for relatives regardless of their own circumstances or overcrowding which might result (Clark & Greenfields, 2006;Ray & Reed, 2005). Ten of the 11 focus group participants were resident with their parents on a large local authority housing estate.…”

Section: Housed Gypsy Travellers 399mentioning

confidence: 91%

Housed Gypsy Travellers, Social Segregation and the Reconstruction of Communities

Greenfields

Smith

2010

Housing Studies

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This paper explores the 'accommodation careers' and social adaptations of Gypsies and Travellers living in 'bricks and mortar' accommodation and the implications of this trend for current concerns pertaining to social segregation and 'parallel communities'. The paper discusses the 'constrained choices' regarding accommodation that Gypsies and Travellers face, before considering the structure of social relations in their respective localities. The strategies by which cultural identities are sustained in housing and how the presence of kin and other Gypsy/Travellers helps to mitigate some of the difficulties experienced are explored. However, the argument is made that while frequent social interaction and the maintenance of a distinct cultural identity provides a crucial source of support, there is also the danger that social relations become restricted to close 'bonding' networks, thus intensifying the social isolation of Gypsy/Traveller communities and further fragmenting neighbourhoods along ethnic lines.

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Section: Housed Gypsy Travellers 399mentioning

confidence: 91%

Housed Gypsy Travellers, Social Segregation and the Reconstruction of Communities

Greenfields

Smith

2010

Housing Studies

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“…For example, Robinson (2008) outlines that 'white flight' occurs from multiethnic cities to rural villages precisely because these areas are constructed as white in the dominant social Imaginary, which in turn impacts social relations in those areas (see Ray and Reed (2005) on racism in semi-rural Kent). There is a danger that if we take the non-reflective continuity of everyday experiences and continually repeated bodily practices as constituting cultural practices, then landscape as 'practiced' limits visible communities to certain cultural practices in certain spaces, namely the urban where 'they' predominantly live in England -a presumption evidenced in the earlier quotes from national park staff focus groups (see also Askins, 2008).…”

Section: S3 I Mean Ok So You Don't Haven't Got Lions and Hippopotamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossing divides: Ethnicity and rurality

Askins

2009

Journal of Rural Studies

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This paper draws on research with people from African, Caribbean and Asian backgrounds regarding perceptions and use of the English countryside. I explore the complex ways in which the category 'rural' was constructed as both essentialised and relational: how the countryside was understood most definitely as 'not-city' but also, at the same time, the English countryside was conceived as part of a range of networks: one site in a web of 'nature places' across the country, as well as one rural in an international chain of rurals -specifically via embodied and emotional connections with 'nature'. I argue that alongside sensed/sensual embodiment (the non-representational intuitive work of the body), we need also to consider reflective embodiment as a desire to space/place in order to address the structural socio-spatial exclusions endemic in (rural) England and how they are challenged. I suggest that a more progressive conceptualisation of rurality -a 'transrural' open to issues of mobility and desire -can help us disrupt dominant notions of rural England as only an exclusionary white space, and reposition it as a site within multicultural, multiethnic, transnational and mobile social I explored issues regarding ethnicity, rurality and national belonging in contemporary England, and was tasked with writing a policy report alongside the thesis 2 . As I read the academic work around my research, I increasingly became aware of a dichotomy. There was a rich body of literature around ethnic identity, diversity, hybridity, multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, etc., including critical perspectives problematising these concepts and how they play out in society, but always and only embedded in the urban sphere (eg. Alexander, 2000;Amin, 2002; Back and Solomos, 2003;Brah,et al. 1999;Hesse, 2000;Mirza, 1997;Parekh, 2000a;2000b). At the same time, especially within geography, there was interest in the ways in which rurality/rural space is implicated within national identity construction, notions of belonging and spatial practices 3 . In the English context, the national imagery of rural space appeared to exclude ethnic minorities, among other groups, from accessing the countryside, both physically and emotionally (Cloke & Little, 1997;Milbourne, 1997). The connection between the rural as the 'genuine' England and not multicultural was highlighted in the Henderson and Kaur, 1999;Kinsman, 1995;Malik, 1992). However, there had been a lack of empirical work at that time to examine these issues further: ethnic minorities were perhaps too easily theorised and written as excluded 'rural others'. Indeed, Little (1999:438) voiced concern regarding the use of the term 'rural others' in general, "the lack of theoretical discussion around 'the other' and 'the same'", the paucity of recognition of the power relations complicit in such a categorisation, and the "static treatment of both individual and group identity".

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“…For instance, Agyeman and Spooner (1997) addressed the nature of racism in the context of the English countryside and referred to a series of reports of the 1990s which found an extensive amount of racial violence, harassment and a resistance to the arrival of incomers into rural communities. Similarly, Holloway (2007), Neal (2002), Williams (2007), Ray and Reed (2005), Knowles (2008), Garland and Chakraborti (2007) investigated the experience of other ethnic groups within the English countryside, highlighting the problems with increasing ethnic diversity in the predominantly white populations. They all pointed to the need to look beyond the idyllic and static representations of the rural environment and combine this romanticised notion with the reality of ethnic exclusivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The ethnic landscape of rural Australia: Non-Anglo-Celtic immigrant communities and the built environment

Jordan

Krivokapic-Skoko

Collins

2009

Journal of Rural Studies

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Community, mobility and racism in a semi-rural area: Comparing minority experience in East Kent

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Housed Gypsy Travellers, Social Segregation and the Reconstruction of Communities

Housed Gypsy Travellers, Social Segregation and the Reconstruction of Communities

Crossing divides: Ethnicity and rurality

The ethnic landscape of rural Australia: Non-Anglo-Celtic immigrant communities and the built environment

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