Communitywide Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis in Rural Missouri Associated With Attendance at Child Care Centers

Turabelidze, George; Lin, Min; Weiser, Thomas; Zhu, Bao–Ping

doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.9.878

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This group includes doctors, nurses, and childcare workers. A cryptosporidiosis outbreak occurred in rural Missouri in 2005 and children attending childcare facilities were the source of this community‐wide outbreak 49 . Indeed, daycare attendees are considered to be at risk of acquiring Cryptosporidium infection.…”

Section: Exposures Associated With Human Contactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis in People: It's Not Just About the Cows

Chako

Tyler

Schultz

et al. 2010

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in people. Although dairy calves are high-risk hosts, the role of other livestock, pets, and humans in the disease should not be underestimated. Some Cryptosporidium species and strains are specific to people, others are specific to animals while some are zoonotic pathogens. Cryptosporidium hominis is the species responsible for the majority of human cases in the United States, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia, while Cryptosporidium parvum accounts for more human cases in Europe and particularly in the United Kingdom. A deeper understanding of Cryptosporidium host range, reservoirs, and transmission is needed to develop preventive strategies to protect the general public.

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Section: Exposures Associated With Human Contactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis in People: It's Not Just About the Cows

Chako

Tyler

Schultz

et al. 2010

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…daycare). In fact, transmission that has started in daycare centres has been amplified across communities and age groups via swimming pools [22]. Although drinking water has been linked to other outbreaks in the USA, especially in more urban areas, we do not believe that drinking water was the major driver for several reasons: the diffuse distribution of the cases, the young ages of the cases, the seasonal pattern, and the diffuse distribution of municipal drinking water in Iowa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A statewide outbreak of Cryptosporidium and its association with the distribution of public swimming pools

et al. 2011

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Summary In order to characterize the association between county-level risk factors and the incidence of Cryptosporidium in the 2007 Iowa outbreak, we used generalized linear mixed models with the number of Cryptosporidium cases per county as the dependent variable. We employed a spatial power covariance structure, which assumed that the correlation between the numbers of cases in any two counties decreases as the distance between them increases. County population size was included in the model to adjust for population differences. Independent variables included the number of pools in specific pool categories (large, small, spa, wading, waterslide) and pool-owner classes (apartment, camp, country club or health club, hotel, municipal, school, other) as well as the proportion of residents aged <5 years. We found that increases in the number of bigger pools, pools with more heterogeneous mixing (municipal pools vs. country club or apartment pools), and pools catering to young children (wading pools) are associated with more cases at the county level.

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“…Disease transmission during recreational exposure to contaminated water is known to occur as, for example, when two Missouri childcare centers experienced outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis after children swam in contaminated water venues [35] . Similarly, individuals in the Yaeyama Islands of Japan were infected with leptospirosis upon engaging in water sports such as kayaking and canoeing [36] .…”

Section: Behavioral Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging New Infections: Importance in Child Health

Seventer

DeLoureiro²,

Hamer

2009

Ann Nestlé [Engl]

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A complex interplay of environmental and human factors, including ecological, genetic, political and socioeconomic factors, is responsible for the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. These factors often have a distinct effect on children and, as a result, emerging infections can have unique impacts on younger populations in terms of both physical health and mental as well as social wellbeing. Children are the most vulnerable members of our society. In order to best protect them from the impact of emerging infectious diseases, it is imperative to understand how factors that determine disease emergence and emerging diseases themselves can affect the young. This will allow us to focus on the most appropriate measures to not only prevent infection of pediatric populations but also prepare for the treatment and care of children when an infectious disease emerges. Influenza is a prototypical emerging/re-emerging infectious disease. Epidemic influenza re-emerges annually in periods between influenza pandemics. Both epidemic and pandemic influenza can have considerable impacts on the wellbeing of children. For over a decade, we have anticipated the mutation of avian influenza (H5N1) into a virus that can be efficiently transmitted between humans. This has resulted in substantial efforts to prepare for a virulent influenza pandemic. Although the pandemic potential of avian influenza has not (yet) been realized, efforts to prepare for a widespread pandemic have not been in vain. The unexpected emergence and rapid spread of the swine flu [influenza A(H1N1)v] has resulted in a worldwide pandemic that has already had profound effects on children and adults. Schools, day care centers, modern transport and international travel have all facilitated the spread of this new influenza strain. Swine flu exemplifies well how environmental and human factors interact to result in the emergence of an infectious disease with unique impacts on children.

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Communitywide Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis in Rural Missouri Associated With Attendance at Child Care Centers

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Cryptosporidiosis in People: It's Not Just About the Cows

Cryptosporidiosis in People: It's Not Just About the Cows

A statewide outbreak of Cryptosporidium and its association with the distribution of public swimming pools

Emerging New Infections: Importance in Child Health

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