Commutation losses of a multigap high voltage thyratron

Ducimetière, L.; Fiander, D.C.

doi:10.1109/modsym.1990.201068

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Three gap deuterium-filled thyratrons would be used for HV switching. The individual gaps break down in sequence with approximately 50 ns delay between them [54,55] resulting in a displacement current during turn-on. This displacement current can significantly increase the rise time of the field in a kicker magnet [56].…”

Section: E Saturating Inductormentioning

confidence: 99%

Source of horizontal instability at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

Koukovini-Platia

Barnes

Bartosik

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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The CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) has been known to suffer from horizontal instabilities since its early operation in the 1970s. These instabilities appear at specific beam energies and range of working points. The source of the instability and the reason why the instabilities appear at specific energies remained unidentified. However, in routine operation, the instabilities have not been limiting the PSB performance reach thanks to the use of a horizontal feedback system, which can suppress their onset for all beam intensities needed in the PSB. Recently, the interest in these instabilities has been revived by the ongoing LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) program, as well as, the Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study group. In fact, the PSB is being upgraded to a new energy range and higher beam intensities will be requested in future operation. To ensure that these instabilities will not limit the PSB performance in the future parameter range, a systematic characterization has been carried out through several measurements and models. At fixed energy, the dependence of the instability on the working point has been fully studied experimentally. Macroparticle simulations and analytical modeling have been applied to explain the measurements, suggesting that the main driving term behind these instabilities is the unmatched termination of the PSB extraction kickers. Analytical studies also explained for the first time why the instability appears at specific energies in the PSB cycle and showed that no other instability is expected above 1.4 GeV. Finally, the hypothesis on the main instability driving term has been verified experimentally by performing measurements with the kicker terminations temporarily matched. In this configuration, no sign of instability was observed and the extraction kicker could be unambiguously identified as the source of the instability. Some options to permanently suppress the source of the instability are proposed.

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Section: E Saturating Inductormentioning

confidence: 99%

Source of horizontal instability at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

Koukovini-Platia

Barnes

Bartosik

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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“…Ferrite toroids, manufactured from CMD5005 [7], were connected on the input to the kicker magnet. The DISI ferrite is quite thin (2.5mm), with an inner diameter of 40mm and a total CSA of 12cm 2 . Previous measurements [8] have shown that the pre-pulse field is improved when 12cm 2 of thin ferrite is used, rather than 12cm 2 of thick (10mm) ferrite.…”

Section: Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One promising method of decreasing the effect of the displacement current involves the use of a "displacement current saturating inductor" (DISI) connected on (or near) the input of a kicker magnet. A "switching loss saturating inductor" (SLSI) may be connected adjacent to the thyratron anode to reduce the switching losses [2], so that thyratron life can be extended. This also improves the pulse voltage rise-time [3] and permits the adjustment of the thyratron reservoir voltage without any change in rise-time [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of saturating inductors for improving the performance of the CERN PS kicker systems

Wait

Barnes

Metzmacher

et al.

Proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.97CH36167)

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Kicker magnets are used for injection and extraction in the CERN PS. The addition of the LHC facility to the complex of accelerators at CERN requires an improved performance of the existing kicker magnet systems in the CERN PS. The injection kicker field must rise and fall from approximately 1% to 99% of full strength during the 96ns time interval between bunches, whereas the extraction kicker field must rise from approximately 0.5% to 99.5% of full strength during a gap of 121ns created in the beam. The kicker magnet systems require pulse forming network (PFN) voltages of up to 80kV. Displacement current arising from the turn-on of a multi-gap thyratron can significantly increase the effective rise-time of the kick. Saturating inductors can be used to reduce both the effect of the displacement current and the risetime of the main current pulse. This paper describes the results of measurements on a system which includes saturating inductors. Some of the measurements are compared with theoretical predictions.

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“…Switching speed is further improved by connecting saturable inductors in series [3]. Such an increase of the current rate of rise also reduces the commutation losses of the thyratrons [4]. Multi-gap thyratrons produce displacement currents, generated by the capacitive load of the gaps which collapse successively before the main discharge.…”

Section: Optimising the Rise Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances of Transmission Line Kicker Magnets

Ducimetière

Proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference

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Fast pulsed magnets or kickers are widely used in circular accelerators for injection, fast extraction and beam excitation. As from the early 60's transmission line type kicker magnets have been employed to produce rectangular field pulses with good rise time. Over some 40 years this technology has evolved with the rising requirements. While the necessary kick strength has increased with the particle beam energy the strive for efficiency has pushed developments towards lower impedance systems and/or short circuited magnets. The flat top ripple is constrained by the maximally tolerable beam oscillation. The beam intensity can impose a screening of the magnet yoke. The most advanced features implemented in recent transmission line kicker magnets are reviewed and illustrated with examples from different laboratories.

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Commutation losses of a multigap high voltage thyratron

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Source of horizontal instability at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

Source of horizontal instability at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

The application of saturating inductors for improving the performance of the CERN PS kicker systems

Advances of Transmission Line Kicker Magnets

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