Compact integrated magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond

Stürner, Felix M.; Brenneis, Andreas; Kassel, Julian; Wostradowski, Uwe; Rölver, R.; Fuchs, Tino; Nakamura, Kazuo; Sumiya, Hitoshi; Onoda, Shinobu; Isoya, Junichi; Jelezko, Fedor

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2019.01.008

Cited by 68 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition to demonstrating novel applications, a trend has been arising to miniaturize NV-based sensing devices to enable mobile use and potential industrial applications [137]: via connecting the diamond to micro-optics (graded index lenses), integrating microwave driving on printed circuit boards and using an LED instead of a laser for excitation, the volume of a diamond sensing device has been reduced to less than 3 cm 3 . This small footprint in combination with a low power consumption of 1.5 W allows for highly-flexible field-use of the diamond device opening the route toward novel applications.…”

Section: Selected Sensing/imaging Applications For Each Type Of Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale sensing based on nitrogen vacancy centers in single crystal diamond and nanodiamonds: achievements and challenges

et al. 2019

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Powered by the mutual developments in instrumentation, materials and theoretical descriptions, sensing and imaging capabilities of quantum emitters in solids have significantly increased in the past two decades. Quantum emitters in solids, whose properties resemble those of atoms and ions, provide alternative ways to probing natural and artificial nanoscopic systems with minimum disturbance and ultimate spatial resolution. Among those emerging quantum emitters, the nitrogenvacancy (NV) color center in diamond is an outstanding example due to its intrinsic properties at room temperature (highly-luminescent, photo-stable, biocompatible, highly-coherent spin states). This review article summarizes recent advances and achievements in using NV centers within nano-and single crystal diamonds in sensing and imaging. We also highlight prevalent challenges and material aspects for different types of diamond and outline the main parameters to consider when using color centers as sensors. As a novel sensing resource, we highlight the properties of NV centers as light emitting electrical dipoles and their coupling to other nanoscale dipoles e.g. graphene. ‡ Present address: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle cacce 91, 10137 Torino (To), Italy arXiv:1909.03719v1 [physics.app-ph] 9 Sep 2019 Nanoscale sensing based on nitrogen vacancy centers 2

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Section: Selected Sensing/imaging Applications For Each Type Of Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale sensing based on nitrogen vacancy centers in single crystal diamond and nanodiamonds: achievements and challenges

et al. 2019

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“…[9] Transferring these sensors to state-of-the-art quantum technology requires the reproducible fabrication of NV centers with high spatial precision and reliable spin coherence properties. [10,11] Nitrogen doping during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond growth is one of the facile means of fabricating thin layers of shallow NV ensembles. [12] It is essential for ultra-sensitive nanoscale magnetometry that shallow NV centers are engineered to be placed in a close proximity to the sensing target.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The latter is known to artificially prolong the coherence time since only the influence and not the spin bath itself is reduced, which is desired from a material scientist's point of view. The XY8 sequence is chosen The growth temperature is labeled as Temp, the nitrogen gas concentration during the growth in respect to hydrogen as N/H, the thickness of the buffer layer as d buffer , the one of the NV rich layer as d NV , the dephasing time measured by Ramsey sequence as T * 2 , the coherence time measured by Hahn echo as T 2 , the artificially prolonged coherence time by XY8 sequence with 128 -pulses as T XY 2 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , the NV density as n NV , the P1 density as n P1 , the overall nitrogen density measured by SIMS n N D , and the estimated volume normalized ac magnetic field sensitivity as V . The latter's estimation was performed using a pulsed detection scheme with a readout laser pulse of l = 300 ns, full spin contrast, and a count rate of a single NV center c R = 200 kcts s −1 as reported in ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

Benchmark for Synthesized Diamond Sensors Based on Isotopically Engineered Nitrogen‐Vacancy Spin Ensembles for Magnetometry Applications

et al. 2020

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Nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) center ensemble in synthetic diamond is a promising and emerging platform for quantum sensing technologies. Realization of such a solid‐state based quantum sensor is widely studied and requires reproducible manufacturing of NV centers with controlled spin properties, including the spin bath environment within the diamond crystal. Here, a non‐invasive method is reported to benchmark NV ensembles regarding their suitability as ultra‐sensitive magnetic field sensors. Imaging and electron spin resonance techniques are presented to determine operating figures and precisely define the optimal material for NV‐driven diamond engineering. The functionality of the methods is manifested on examples of chemical vapor deposition synthesized diamond layers containing preferentially aligned, isotopically controlled 15NV center ensembles. Quantification of the limiting 15N P1 spin bath, in an otherwise 12C enriched environment, and the reduction of its influence by applying dynamical decoupling protocols, complete the suggested set of criteria for the analysis of NV ensemble with potential use as magnetometers.

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“…The NV 3 A 2 → 3 E optical transition spans hundreds of nanometers wavelength due to the phonon sideband as discussed in section 2.2, which allows for laser excitation wavelengths ranging from 637 nm to ∼ 470 nm [86]. Past experiments have pumped the NVs with 532 nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO 4 lasers, 637 nm and 520 nm diode lasers and LEDs, 594 nm HeNe lasers, argon-ion laser lines (457, 476, 488, 496, and 514 nm), and supercontinuum lasers with an acousto-optic tunable filter [87][88][89]. There have been attempts to find the illumination wavelength with the most favorable cross-section and NV − /NV 0 charge-state ratio [90].…”

Section: Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and techniques of the quantum diamond microscope

et al. 2019

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We provide an overview of the experimental techniques, measurement modalities, and diverse applications of the Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM). The QDM employs a dense layer of fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers near the surface of a transparent diamond chip on which a sample of interest is placed. NV electronic spins are coherently probed with microwaves and optically initialized and read out to provide spatially resolved maps of local magnetic fields. NV fluorescence is measured simultaneously across the diamond surface, resulting in a wide-field, two-dimensional magnetic field image with adjustable spatial pixel size set by the parameters of the imaging system. NV measurement protocols are tailored for imaging of broadband and narrowband fields, from DC to GHz frequencies. Here we summarize the physical principles common to diverse implementations of the QDM and review example

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Compact integrated magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond

Cited by 68 publications

References 34 publications

Nanoscale sensing based on nitrogen vacancy centers in single crystal diamond and nanodiamonds: achievements and challenges

Nanoscale sensing based on nitrogen vacancy centers in single crystal diamond and nanodiamonds: achievements and challenges

Benchmark for Synthesized Diamond Sensors Based on Isotopically Engineered Nitrogen‐Vacancy Spin Ensembles for Magnetometry Applications

Principles and techniques of the quantum diamond microscope

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