Comparative alternative materials assessment to screen toxicity hazards in the life cycle of CIGS thin film photovoltaics

Eisenberg, Daniel A.; Yu, Mengjing; Lam, Carl W.; Ogunseitan, Oladele A.; Schoenung, Julie M.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.007

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[19] One foreign study reported prevalence of anxiety was 13% among university students. [20] This rate is relatively similar to our rate of 11%. Nevertheless, future studies will provide stronger evidence and correlations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Headphone use and anxiety

Ekşi

Kara

Çakır

et al. 2019

FNG & Demiroğlu Bilim Tıp Dergisi

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Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between anxiety and headphone use. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 180 (54 males, 126 females) undergraduate students. Headphone habits were assessed with a questionnaire, and anxiety levels were assessed with Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: While there was no correlation between total anxiety scores and length of headphone use, there was a correlation with purpose of headphone use. There was a positive correlation between headphone use while using a computer (p<0.05), watching media, isolation from the environment, and while studying (p<0.01), as well as a positive correlation with headphone use in evening hours (p<0.05). According to the Beck scale, participants with scores between 26-63 had high anxiety levels and were positively correlated with headphone use in the evenings, headphone use at school, and when watching media (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study, which aimed to investigate the relationship between headphone habits and anxiety, may inspire and guide further studies on this subject.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Headphone use and anxiety

Ekşi

Kara

Çakır

et al. 2019

FNG & Demiroğlu Bilim Tıp Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Currently, solar power has been attracting attention as alternative energy to fossil fuels. Copper and the minor metals indium, gallium and selenium are used as semiconductors to increase the electric power generation rate of solar panels (Eisenberg et al ., ). The lifetime of solar panels is said to be 20–30 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute toxicity of 50 metals to Daphnia magna

Okamoto

Yamamuro

Tatarazako

2014

J of Applied Toxicology

126

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Metals are essential for human life and physiological functions but may sometimes cause disorders. Therefore, we conducted acute toxicity testing of 50 metals in Daphnia magna: EC50s of seven elements (Be, Cu, Ag, Cd, Os, Au and Hg) were < 100 µg l(-1) ; EC50s of 13 elements (Al, Sc, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Se, Rb, Y, Rh, Pt, Tl and Pb) were between 100 and 1000 µg l(-1) ; EC50s of 14 elements (Li, V, Mn, Fe, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, W and Ir) were between 1,001 and 100,000 µg l(-1) ; EC50s of six elements (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sr and Mo) were > 100,000 µg l(-1) ; and. 7 elements (Ti, Zr, Bi, Nb, Hf, Re and Ta) did not show EC50 at the upper limit of respective aqueous solubility, and EC50s were not obtained. Ga, Ru and Pd adhered to the body of D. magna and physically retarded the movement of D. magna. These metals formed hydroxides after adjusting the pH. Therefore, here, we distinguished this physical effect from the physiological toxic effect. The acute toxicity results of 40 elements obtained in this study were not correlated with electronegativity. Similarly, the acute toxicity results of metals including the rare metals were also not correlated with first ionization energy, atomic weight, atomic number, covalent radius, atomic radius or ionic radius.

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“…Solar power has been attracting attention as an alternative energy to fossil fuels. Cu and the minor metals In, Ga and Se are used as semiconductors to increase the electric power generation rate of solar panels (Eisenberg, Yu, Lam, Ogunseitan, & Schoenung, 2013). The lifetime of a solar panel is 20‐30 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic toxicity of 50 metals to Ceriodaphnia dubia

Okamoto

Masunaga

Tatarazako

2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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Metals are essential elements for human life but may cause disorders when exposure is excessive. Previously, we reported on the acute toxicity of 50 metals; however, the chronic toxicity data of some metals are not available. Therefore, we conducted chronic toxicity tests to determine the effects of 50 metals on the water flea, Ceriodaphnia dubia. The IC20 of 20 metals (Be, Sc, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Ru, Ag, Cd, In, Te, W, Os, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl and Pb) were <100 μg/L; nine metals (Al, V, As, Se, Zr, Nb, Rh, Sb and Bi) were 100 ≤ IC20 < 1000 μg/L; 16 metals (Li, Mg, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sn, Cs, Ba, Re and Ir) were 1000 ≤ IC20 ≤ 100 000 μg/L; and two metals (Na and Ca) were >100 000 μg/L. Three metals (Pd, Hf and Ta) did not show IC20 at the upper limit of respective aqueous solubility, and IC20s were not obtained. The maximum test concentrations (almost aqueous solubility) of Pd, Hf and Ta were 83, 2400 and 5.3 μg/L, respectively. These data show the high correlation between our IC50s for C. dubia and those for Dahpnia magna published previously. The IC50s of 47 metals were not correlated with electronegativity, first ionization energy, atomic weight, atomic number, covalent radius, atomic radius or ionic radius.

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Comparative alternative materials assessment to screen toxicity hazards in the life cycle of CIGS thin film photovoltaics

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Headphone use and anxiety

Headphone use and anxiety

Acute toxicity of 50 metals to Daphnia magna

Chronic toxicity of 50 metals to Ceriodaphnia dubia

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