Comparative Analysis of Carbohydrates, Nucleosides and Amino Acids in Different Parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. by (Ultra) High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Evaporative Light Scattering Detector Methods

Abstract

Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. is one of the original plants for traditional Chinese medicines Trichosanthis Fructus, Trichosanthis Semen, Trichosanthis Pericarpium and Trichosanthis Radix. Amino acids, nucleosides and carbohydrates are usually considered to have nutritional value and health-care efficacy. In this study, methods involving high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD), UV-visible spectrophotometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were established for quantifying carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, stachyose, raffinose and polysaccharide), fourteen nucleosides and twenty one amino acids. Moreover, sixty-three samples from nine different parts, including pericarp, seed, fruit pulp, stem, leaf, main root, main root bark, lateral root and lateral root bark of T. kirilowii from different cultivated varieties were examined. The established methods were validated with good linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. The results showed that the average content of total amino acids in roots (15.39 mg/g) and root barks (16.38 mg/g) were relatively higher than for others. Contents of nucleosides in all parts of T. kirilowii were below 1.5 mg/g. For carbohydrates, fruit pulp has a higher content than others for glucose (22.91%), fructose (20.63%) and polysaccharides (27.29%). By using partial least-squared discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), Variable importance in the projection (VIP) plots and analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, the characteristic components of the different organs (fruit, stems and leaves, roots) were found. This analysis suggested there were potential medicinal and nutritive health care values in various parts of the T. kirilowii, which provided valuable information for the development and utilization of T. kirilowii.

Quality Evaluation of Ophiopogonis Radix from Two Different Producing Areas

“…The recovery percentages were calculated by the following equation: (total detected amount − original amount) / added amount × 100%. The matrix effect was evaluated by the slope ratio of matrix-matched solutions and calibration curves of standards (slope matrix / slope solvent) [12,24].…”

“…Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that steroidal saponins and homoisoflavonoids possess anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, cardiovascular protection, and anticancer and antitussive effects [6,7,8,9,10]. In addition, studies suggested that amino acids and nucleosides have wide physiological activities, such as enhancing immunity, regulating the central nervous system, and improving cell metabolism [11,12].…”

Current Status and Challenges of Herbal Drug Development and Regulatory Aspect: A Global Perspective

“…Although LC-MS is more responsive than GC-MS, it can analyze heat-sensitive non-volatile components and cannot examine thermally stable volatile components [86]. In a single study, volatile and non-volatile components are identified (qualitatively), components are separated, and distinct chemicals are quantified [87]. It is feasible to conduct multiple chemical analyses at the same time [88].…”

Extraction of Radix trichosanthis Polysaccharides for Potential Antihyperlipidemic Application

“…Several had been isolated that exhibited cytotoxicity to tumor cells and hypoglycemic effects. Other active compounds in R. trichosanthis included nucleosides, amino acids, and saccharides, polysaccharides, and saponins [ 2 ]. The polysaccharides of R. trichosanthis (RTPs), the main active ingredient in R. trichosanthis , have an immunoregulatory function and antitumor activity [ 3 ].…”