Comparative analysis of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) immune responses under challenge by differentVibriostrains and conditions

Abstract

2015) Comparative analysis of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) immune responses under challenge by different Vibrio strains and conditions, Molluscan Research, 35:1, 1-11,Screening a virulent Vibrio strain to study the interactions between bacterial infection and host immune defence is important to resolve large-scale summer oyster mortalities. Using adductor muscle injection we tested the oyster responses to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or Vibrio strains. Mortalities and stress gene expressions were used to characterize oyster immune responses. At 5 days post injection, the cumulative mortality rates in PBS, LPS, Vibrio tubiashii, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio aestuarianus groups were 8%, 16%, 36%, 40%, 40% and 76%, respectively, indicating that V. aestuarianus induced the highest death rate. Two-factor analyses of variance revealed that expression of SOD, CAT, GPX and HSP70 was influenced by bacterial injections in a timedependent manner. The expression of all genes increased and reached their peak 3 or 12 h after bacterial injection and then decreased. These genes could be applied as immune responsive biomarkers to monitor early changes in oysters in response to bacterial infection. The greatest changes were observed in the V. aestuarianus-injected group, which may indicate that V. aestuarianus could be used as one of the more virulent strains for experimental infections.

Genetic parameters of resistance to Vibrio aestuarianus, and OsHV-1 infections in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, at three different life stages

“…Although injection protocols have been used for numerous studies with OsHV-1 and V. aestuarianus with demonstrated reproducibility [ 36 , 38 , 59 , 60 ], these have only been used on a limited number of oysters for practical reasons. Studies have also demonstrated that the injection of V. aestuarianus induces high mortality rates, in particular when using strain 02/041 [ 34 , 47 , 59 ], and thus it is not adapted to genetic studies, since the variances of the resulting survival rates are then too low. Finally, this protocol is more biologically relevant because it better mimics a natural infection when compared to injection protocols that first impair oyster immune defenses.…”

The comprehensive immunomodulation of NeurimmiRs in haemocytes of oyster Crassostrea gigas after acetylcholine and norepinephrine stimulation

“…PRRs are the first players to initiate the immune response by recognizing pathogens [ 25 ]. As invertebrates, oysters have evolved a sophisticated innate immune system with large number of PRRs to survive from harsh environment full of pathogens [ 16 , 17 , 26 ]. It is found in the present study that NeurimmiRs from oyster could modulate some PRRs, such as mannose receptors [ 27 ], TLRs [ 28 ] and CEACAM5 [ 29 ].…”

Differential Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) in Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Hemocytes under Immune Stimuli

“…Together with the Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], M. galloprovincialis is probably one of the most studied mollusk species in terms of immune response [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. However, although numerous efforts have been made to understand the transcriptomic profiles of Mediterranean mussels, how the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are modulated in this species has remained totally unexplored.…”