Comparative analysis of the effect of PO administered acid suppressants on gastric <scp>pH</scp> in healthy cats

Ryan, Phillip; Odunayo, Adesola; Price, Joshua; Hecht, Silke; Hillsman, Shanna; Galyon, Gina D.; Steiner, Jöerg M.; Tolbert, M Katherine

doi:10.1111/jvim.15887

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The implant would exploit the pH differential existing between the subcutaneous (pH = 7.4) environment of the prey and the gastric environment of the predator (pH = 1.6). 18,19 Sodium fluoroacetate (commonly known as 1080)�the metabolic toxin found in poison peas�was noted as a candidate poison as it is well-tolerated by many Australian native animals (due to the toxin's natural occurrence) 20−27 but lethal for introduced predators such as the feral cat (LD 50 = 0.28 mg kg −1 ) 25,28 and fox (LD 50 = 0.15 mg kg −1 ). 25,29 This selective toxicity has made 1080 extensively used to target feral cats and foxes in control programs throughout Australia.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept proposed rendering the prey poisonous via a toxic implant that would remain inert under the skin but release a toxin in the stomach of a predator following ingestion. The implant would exploit the pH differential existing between the subcutaneous (pH = 7.4) environment of the prey and the gastric environment of the predator (pH = 1.6). , Sodium fluoroacetate (commonly known as 1080)the metabolic toxin found in poison peaswas noted as a candidate poison as it is well-tolerated by many Australian native animals (due to the toxin’s natural occurrence) − but lethal for introduced predators such as the feral cat (LD 50 = 0.28 mg kg –1 ) , and fox (LD 50 = 0.15 mg kg –1 ). , This selective toxicity has made 1080 extensively used to target feral cats and foxes in control programs throughout Australia. Hypothetically, the persistence of implanted native mammals (or “toxic Trojans”) in a reintroduction area could ensure that invasive predators perish if they prey upon a single native mammal, thereby protecting the remaining population from further predation events from that problem individual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toward Targeted Invasive Predator Control: Developing pH-Responsive Subcutaneous Implants for Native Mammals

Brewer

McWhorter

Sloper

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduced predators are a significant threat to global biodiversity and are responsible for most of all modern bird, reptile, and mammal extinctions. In Australia, the introduced feral cat (Felis catus) kills 459 million mammals annually and leaves many species facing extinction. Attempted reintroductions of threatened mammal species often fail due to the persistence of intractable feral cats�termed "problem individuals"�and the swift depredation of the reintroduced population. Biomaterial implants could hold the key to targeting problem individuals. Herein, we report the development of the population-protecting implant, a subcutaneous implant for native mammals. The implant is intended to be inert within the subcutaneous environment for the life of the native mammal and to release a toxic payload in the gastric environment of a feral cat when ingested during a predation event. By toxifying and causing the death of the feral cat, the problem individual is eliminated, and the remaining population of native mammals is protected from further predation. To achieve this, an innovative reverse enteric coating was developed for use as a biomaterial, which exhibited a previously unreported level of pH selectivity for solubility at gastric pH. Large batches of implants were manufactured via fluidized-bed spray coating with a uniform reverse enteric coating and low intrabatch variability. Implants with a 300 μm coating afforded significant stability and retention of the payload at subcutaneous pH in vitro, with rapid release of the payload observed at gastric pH. In addition, implants exhibited favorable stability in vivo in rats, with no observed difference in biocompatibility compared to conventional radio-frequency identification microchips. This work demonstrates a proof of concept of an innovative type of implant and serves as the basis for its future development and translation into the field.

show abstract

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Targeted Invasive Predator Control: Developing pH-Responsive Subcutaneous Implants for Native Mammals

Brewer

McWhorter

Sloper

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…124 Proton-pump inhibitors are unlikely to increase intragastric pH to a level at which platelet aggregation can readily occur. 125 Non-PICO 11: Is there rationale to employ probiotics in treatment of dogs and cats with pITP?…”

Section: Evidence Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

ACVIM consensus statement on the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats

LeVine,

Goggs,

Kohn

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Management of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in dogs and cats is evolving, but there are no evidence‐based guidelines to assist clinicians with treatment decisions. Likewise, the overall goals for treatment of ITP have not been established. Immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids are the first line treatment, but optimal treatment regimens beyond glucocorticoids remain uncertain. Additional options include secondary immunosuppressive drugs such as azathioprine, modified cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil, usually selected based on clinician preference. Vincristine, human IV immunoglobulin (hIVIg), and transfusion of platelet or red blood cell–containing products are often used in more severe cases. Splenectomy and thrombopoietin receptor agonists are usually reserved for refractory cases, but when and in which patient these modalities should be employed is under debate. To develop evidence‐based guidelines for individualized treatment of ITP patients, we asked 20 Population Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) format questions. These were addressed by 17 evidence evaluators using a literature pool of 288 articles identified by a structured search strategy. Evidence evaluators, using panel‐designed templates and data extraction tools, summarized evidence and created guideline recommendations. These were integrated by treatment domain chairs and then refined by iterative Delphi survey review to reach consensus on the final guidelines. In addition, 19 non‐PICO questions covering scenarios in which evidence was lacking or of low quality were answered by expert opinion using iterative Delphi surveys with panelist integration and refinement. Commentary was solicited from multiple relevant professional organizations before finalizing the consensus. The rigorous consensus process identified few comparative treatment studies, highlighting many areas of ITP treatment requiring additional studies. This statement is a companion manuscript to the ACVIM Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis of Immune Thrombocytopenia in Dogs and Cats.

show abstract

“…Recently, we reported the prototypical development of the PPI [ 20 ], including the use of a pH-responsive, reverse enteric coating [ 22 ], and a non-toxic ‘core’, which will rapidly dissolve in the gastric environment of the feral cat (pH 1.6) [ 23 , 24 ]. The implants were manufactured via a batch-type fluidised-bed spray coating method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH-Responsive Polymer Implants for the Protection of Native Mammals: Assessment of Material Properties and Poison Incorporation on Performance

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Efforts to mitigate the effects of feral cats through the management of remnant or reintroduced populations of threatened species, are often unsuccessful due to predation by control-averse feral cats, or ‘problem individuals’. In order to target these animals, we have developed the Population Protecting Implant (PPI). PPIs are designed to be implanted subcutaneously in a native animal. If the animal is preyed upon, and the implant ingested by a feral cat, release of a toxic payload is triggered in the acidic stomach environment and the problem individual is eliminated. We introduce the first toxic implant incorporating the poison sodium fluoroacetate. Manufactured via fluidised-bed spray coating, toxic implants exhibited uniform reverse enteric coatings and low intra-batch variation. Toxic implants were found to exhibit favourable stability at subcutaneous pH in vitro, and rapidly release their toxic payload in vitro at gastric pH. However, limited stability was demonstrated in rats in vivo (~39–230 d), due to the use of a filament scaffold to enable coating and was likely exacerbated by metachromatic interactions caused by 1080. This work highlights that future development of the PPIs should primarily focus on removal of the filament scaffold, to afford implants with increased in vivo stability.

show abstract

Comparative analysis of the effect of PO administered acid suppressants on gastric pH in healthy cats

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Toward Targeted Invasive Predator Control: Developing pH-Responsive Subcutaneous Implants for Native Mammals

Toward Targeted Invasive Predator Control: Developing pH-Responsive Subcutaneous Implants for Native Mammals

ACVIM consensus statement on the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats

pH-Responsive Polymer Implants for the Protection of Native Mammals: Assessment of Material Properties and Poison Incorporation on Performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About