Comparative anatomy of embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli frompimpinella brachycarpa

Abstract

Anatomical differences between embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli of Pimpinella brachycarpa were investigated by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Initial callus tissue emerged from explants after 14 d of culturing. The embryogenic calli (EC) were firm, rather opaque, and light yellow in color. The cells usually formed small, compact clusters. Nonembryogenic calli (NEC), however, were friable, semitransparent, and yellow or gray. These formed relatively larger and loosely held clusters. Scanning electron microscopy showed that EC were composed of individual compact and spherical cells that were rather regular in size and approximately 20 ~tm long. All were tightly held together and appeared to organize globular embryos. In contrast, the NEC comprised elongated and loosely held cells that were approximately 50 ~m long. Tubular and u-shaped NEC cells protruded irregularly, and were of varying heights along the cell aggregates. Transmission electron microscopy of the EC revealed typical eukaryotic cytoplasmic components, including nuclei, mitochondria, and vacuoles in the cytoplasm enclosed by an electron-transparent cell wall. Based on the numerous ribosomes within the cytoplasm, these cells appeared to be well-organized and metabolically active. The NEC cells were much larger and more highly vacuolated than those of the EC. In ultrathin sections, the former seemed to be almost devoid of other cellular contents except for plastids and nuclei. Furthermore, EC and NEC showed different regeneration capacities in their somatic embryo formation. Most EC produced hyperhydric somatic embryos, followed by normal somatic embryos; whereas only a few shooted or rooted somatic embryos arose from the NEC.

In vitro regeneration of Piper longum L. and comparative RP-HPLC analysis of piperine production of in vitro and in vivo grown plants

“…1a). This type of calli were called embyogenic calli as in a previous report (Haeyoung et al 2007). Conversely, callus induction was reduced (25-38%) to moderate (45-50%) in media with of 2,4-D, and such calli were brownish, often transparent (Supplementary Fig.…”

Callus Induction from Cotyledon of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke

“…Bar = 0,5 cm Pengamatan terhadap morfologi kalus juga menunjukkan bahwa kebanyakan kalus yang terbentuk pada eksplan memiliki warna yang cerah (Gambar 2.). Menurut Na et al (2007), warna pada kalus erat kaitannya dengan ukuran ruang antar sel, sehingga semakin cerah warna kalus maka ukuran ruang antar selnya besar dan sel-selnya tervakuolasi. Shinta et al (2020) juga menyatakan bahwa, warna kalus merupakan indikator morfologi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan kalus dan mengetahui apakah kalus memiliki karakter embriogenik atau tidak.…”

Cytological characterization of Jatropha curcas callus in different periods of cultivation

“…According to Na et al (2007), both of these characteristics are typical for embryogenic cells; non-embryogenic complexes show the opposite characteristics (Figure 3a-b). The J. curcas calli form such aggregates because the inoculated callus mass is from two subcultures in MS medium that contains 1 mg.L -1 de 2,4-D, which is a regulator that induces somatic embryogenesis (Zuo et al 2002, George et al 2008.…”