Comparative Characteristics of Intestine Microbiome of Republic of Guinea and Russian Federation Residents

Abstract

The gut microbiota of healthy people, living in different regions, may vary considerably. The article presents the results of comparative qualitative and quantitative study of the intestine aerobic and anaerobic microbiota of residents of the Republic of Guinea (46) and Russia (60). The content of microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Candida spp., non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria and others) in 1.0 gram of faeces was determined by bacteriological methods. Generic and species identification was performed using Vitek 2 Compact (bioMerieux, France), tube biochemical tests and MALDI-TОF mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Pearson χ 2 criterion, p < 0.05 and Fisher's exact test (medstatistica.ru) were used to assess the differences in the compared groups. 95% confidence intervals were calculated by the method of Wilson. Microbiological disorders were characterized by a decrease in the number of obligate microorganisms, an increase in the number of facultative (opportunistic) microorganisms (above 10 6 CFU/g) and the emergence of their associations. Dysbiotic disorders were identified in both compared groups: in 100% patients from Republic of Guinea (95% CI:92.3-100) and in 86.7% patients from St. Petersburg (95% CI:75.8-93.1). Severe degree of microbiota disorders in the residents of the Republic of Guinea was revealed at 19.6% (95% CI:10.7-33.2), in group of residents of St. Petersburg in 9.6% (95% CI:4.2-20.6). In both groups the microbiota disorders of third degree were detected less frequently, compared with the microbiota disorders of second degree. The study has found no significant differences in the content of obligate bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.), however, significant differences in the species composition of the facultative part of the microbiota were revealed. The residents of the Republic of Guinea had "atypical" E. coli (lactosonegative and hemolytic) and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria Comamonas kerstersii more frequently. Opportunistic microorganism associations have been found in 30.4% of the residents of the Republic of Guinea (95% CI:19.1-44.8) and 18.3% of residents of St. Petersburg (95% CI:10.6-29.9). Opportunistic microorganism associations from the residents of the Republic of Guinea always contained Staphylococcus aureus. It is necessary to conduct further research on a bigger population to access the differences in the compared groups in Staphylococcus aureus and Hafnia alvei.

Yeast fermentate prebiotic improves intestinal barrier integrity during heat stress by modulation of the gut microbiota in rats

“…and Staphylococcus spp. also specifies dysbiotic changes of the gut microbiota (Popova et al, 2017;Itani et al, 2018). The number of Lactobacillus spp.…”

“…in rats of PS group. Elevated number of bacteria with haemolytic activity indicates the microbiota disorder (Popova et al, ) as these bacteria can be a potentiator of intestinal inflammation and epithelial dysfunction in the gut (Wiegand et al, ). Imbalance in quantitative composition of Escherichia spp.…”

Difficulties in Identification of Сomamonas Kerstersii Strains Isolated From Intestinal Microbiota of Residents of Republic of Guinea and Russian Federation

“…In 2015-2017 in the intestinal microbiota of 1532 people without signs of acute intestinal pathology living in Saint Petersburg, the strains of C. kerstersii were isolated in two patients, while in a survey of 46 residents of the Republic of Guinea this microorganism was detected in 8 individuals. Perhaps the frequent discovery of C. kerstersii is associated with the climatic and socio-economic conditions of the Republic of Guinea [19].…”

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Enterobacteriacaeisolated From Intestinal Microbiota of Residents of the Republic of Guinea and Russia (Saint Petersburg)

“…We studied the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1018 Enterobacteriacae strains isolated in 2015-2016 from feces of residents of the Republic of Guinea (121 strains) and Saint Petersburg (897 strains) [9]. The collection included 604 strains of E. coli and 414 strains of other Enterobacteriacae (Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Hafnia alvei).…”