Comparative characteristics of the morphometric parameters of the abdominal part of aorta and its unpaired branches in the age and sex aspects

This study presents facial nerve neurotization, a common method of surgical treatment of facial muscle paralysis. In this surgical procedure, a trunk or some portions of individual fibers are sewn to an intact nerve-neurotizator to the injured facial nerve that can act as sublingual, masseteric, phrenic, accessory, glossopharyngeal nerves, as well as the descending branch of the sublingual nerve and anterior branches of the C2C3 cervical spinal nerves. Often, neurosurgeons combine various donor nerves and autotransplanting inserts for better results. The main stages of neurotization of the facial nerve includes isolation and transection of the facial nerve, isolation and transection of the trunk or separate fibers of the neurotizer, and nerve suturing in an end-to-end or end-to-side fashion. Facial cross-plasty, the most innovative method of facial nerve neurotization, should be carefully performed, during which an anastomosis is performed between the damaged and intact facial nerves using autotransplantation inserts from the calf nerve or from a free muscle graft, including a tender muscle and an anterior branch of the locking nerve. Recovery of facial nerve function and regression of characteristic symptoms takes time and specialized recovery treatment. Generally, among the lesions of the cranial nerves, injuries and diseases of the facial nerve rank first and are one of the most common pathologies of the peripheral nervous system. The clinical picture of facial nerve injuries in various origins is quite monotonous and manifested by persistent paralysis or paresis of the facial muscles. Various highly effective techniques are aimed at restoring the function of the facial nerve and facial muscles. Many conservative and operative methods of treating facial nerve neuropathy have been presented in the modern medical literature. However, all methods of facial nerve neurotization have several disadvantages, and the leading ones are the inability to achieve 100% efficiency and development of one degree or another neurological deficit.

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Variants of facial nerve neurotization

Gaivoronsky

Skaliitchouk

Vinogradov

et al. 2022

Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy

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Variant anatomy of the colonic and aberrant branches of the superior mesenteric artery

Гайворонский

Быков²,

Gaivoronskaya³

et al. 2022

Kazan Med J

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Background. The rapid development of abdominal, endovascular surgery and transplantology necessitate a detailed study of the structural features of the abdominal cavity vessels. Aim. To study the variant anatomy of the colonic branches of the superior mesenteric artery in men and women. Material and methods. The study was conducted based on the analysis of the results of multislice spiral computed tomography, a total of 2300 computed tomograms of adults aged 25 to 75 years (913 males and 1387 females) were studied. To assess the statistical significance of the aorta branches architectonics variants frequency dependence on gender, the method of analyzing four-field tables (Pearson's chi-square test) was used. The correlation strength was assessed using the normalized value of the Pearson coefficient. Results. It has been established that the branches of the superior mesenteric artery, which vascularize the large intestine, have a wide range of variant anatomy. According to their number and the presence of aberrant branches, these variants can be classified into mono-, bi-, tri-, quadri- and penta-arterial. The most common variant of the architectonics of these branches of the superior mesenteric artery is biarterial. Mono- and pentaarterial branching variants of the colonic branches of the superior mesenteric artery are extremely rare in both sexes. The iliocolic and middle colic arteries are permanent branches of the superior mesenteric artery, and the right colic artery may be absent (in 7% of cases in males and 19% in females). Among the aberrant branches of the superior mesenteric artery, we noted the arteries involved in the blood supply to the liver: the right accessory, right replacement, and common hepatic arteries. In men in 25% of cases, in women in 16% of cases, a deviation from the superior mesenteric artery of the aberrant hepatic branch was noted. Conclusion. The architecture of the colonic branches of the superior mesenteric artery is characterized by a wide range of variant anatomy and a high incidence of aberrant hepatic arteries.

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Variant anatomy of the sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

Гайворонский

Быков

Gaivoronskaya³

et al. 2022

Žurnal anatomii i gistopatologii

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Currently, the growing interest in the structure of the vascular stream of the colon is due to the rapid development of abdominal and colorectal surgery.The aim of research was to study the variant anatomy of the sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric artery in men and women.Material and methods. The study included findings of multi-slice spiral computed tomography; a total of 2300 computed tomograms of adults aged 25 to 75 years (913 men and 1387 women) were investigated. Variants of the architectonics of the inferior mesenteric artery were differentiated by the presence and nature of the origin of its sigmoid branches, for which standard axial images and a series of post-processing images were used.Results. There have been identified sequential, stem and mixed types of branching of the inferior mesenteric artery. In the sequential type, the left colic and all sigmoid arteries separate from the inferior mesenteric artery; with a stem, two or more branches depart from the inferior mesenteric artery by a common vessel; in the mixed type, two left colic arteries sequentially depart from the inferior mesenteric artery. It has been proven that in both sexes the predominant type of branching of the inferior mesenteric artery is the stem: in men it is noted in 62% of cases, in women – in 63%, the mixed type of branching of the inferior mesenteric artery is the rarest, noted only in 2.4% of cases.Conclusion. The obtained information is of practical significance in abdominal, vascular, X-ray endovascular surgery, transplantology, coloproctology, and radiation diagnostics.

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Comparative characteristics of the morphometric parameters of the abdominal part of aorta and its unpaired branches in the age and sex aspects

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Variants of facial nerve neurotization

Variants of facial nerve neurotization

Variant anatomy of the colonic and aberrant branches of the superior mesenteric artery

Variant anatomy of the sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

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