Comparative effects of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats

Lamas, Aline Zandonadi; Caliman, Izabela Facco; Dalpiaz, Polyana Lima Meireles; Melo, Antonio Ferreira de; Abreu, Gláucia Rodrigues de; Lemos, Elenice Moreira; Gouvêa, Sônia Alves; Bissoli, Nazaré Souza

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.004

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The experimental model of hormone replacement therapy, associated with surgically-induced anoestrus through bilateral ovariectomy in female rats, is wellknown [16,28,31]. In accordance with the validated animal model, the histopathological analysis in group 2 found evident atrophy in the epithelium, chorion and glandular tissues of the vagina and vulva.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Histological changes in the vulva and vagina from ovariectomised rats undergoing oestrogen treatment

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Histological changes in the vulva and vagina from ovariectomised rats undergoing oestrogen treatment

et al. 2016

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“…RAL has certain effects on cardiovascular diseases, and previous studies revealed that RAL and other SERMs improve the function of vascular endothelial cells [19, 20], dilate the coronary artery [8, 21], and regulate blood fat [22]. However, only a few reports on basic and clinical studies of the effect of RAL on valvular heart disease have been published [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Raloxifene on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells

Luo

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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We aimed to explore the effects of raloxifene (RAL) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). Different concentrations of RAL were used to act on AVICs. MTS kit is used to test the effects of different concentrations of RAL on the proliferation of AVICs. Cell cycle and apoptosis test used flow cytometry after seven-day treatment. The relative expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 are tested with RT-qPCR and Western blot. The results of MTS testing revealed that the absorbance value (OD value) of the cells in the concentration groups of 10 and 100 nmol/L RAL at a wavelength of 490 nm at five, seven, and nine days significantly decreased compared with that in the control group. Meanwhile, the results of flow cytometry of the cells collected after seven days showed that the ratio of the S stage and the cell apoptosis rate of AVICs can be significantly reduced by RAL in the concentration groups of 10 and 100 nmol/L. The mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group. This study laid the foundation for further treatment of aortic valve disease by using RAL.

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“…Postmenopausal depletion of endogenous estrogens may contribute to tissue injury and apoptosis via induced oxidative stress (Dilek et al 2010;Lamas et al 2015). It has been shown that a reduction in 17β-estradiol (E2) leads to an increase in oxidative stress in the body, which is dependent on the concentration and chemical structure of this hormone (Moreira et al 2007;Dilek et al 2010;Moreira et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raloxifene and Tamoxifen Reduce PARP Activity, Cytokine and Oxidative Stress Levels in the Brain and Blood of Ovariectomized Rats

Yazğan

Nazıroğlu

2016

J Mol Neurosci

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It is well known that 17β-estradiol (E2) has an antioxidant role on neurological systems in the brain. Raloxifene (RLX) and tamoxifen (TMX) are selective estrogen receptor modulators. An E2 deficiency stimulates mitochondrial functions for promoting apoptosis and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, RLX and TMX may reduce the mitochondrial ROS production via their antioxidant properties in the brain and erythrocytes of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. We aimed to investigate the effects of E2, RLX, and TMX on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytokine production in the brain and erythrocytes of OVX rats.Forty female rats were divided into five groups. The first group was used as a control group. The second group was the OVX group. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were OVX + E2, OVX + TMX, and OVX + RLX groups, respectively. E2, TMX, and RLX were given subcutaneously to the OVX + E2 and OVX + TMX, OVX + RLX groups for 14 days after the ovariectomy respectively.While brain and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation levels were high in the OVX group, they were low in the OVX + E2, OVX + RLX, and OVX + TMX groups. OVX + E2, OVX + RLX, and OVX + TMX treatments increased the lowered glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes and the brain and reduced glutathione and vitamin E concentrations in the brain. β-carotene and vitamin A concentrations in the brain and TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels in the plasma of the five groups were not significantly changed by the treatments. However, increased plasma IL-4 levels and Western blot results for brain poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the OVX groups were decreased by E2, TMX, and RLX treatments, although proapoptotic procaspase 3 and 9 activities were increased by the treatments.In conclusion, we observed that E2, RLX, and TMX administrations were beneficial on oxidative stress, inflammation, and PARP levels in the serum and brain of OVX rats by modulating antioxidant systems, DNA damage, and cytokine production.

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Comparative effects of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats

Cited by 59 publications

References 66 publications

Histological changes in the vulva and vagina from ovariectomised rats undergoing oestrogen treatment

Histological changes in the vulva and vagina from ovariectomised rats undergoing oestrogen treatment

Effects of Raloxifene on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells

Raloxifene and Tamoxifen Reduce PARP Activity, Cytokine and Oxidative Stress Levels in the Brain and Blood of Ovariectomized Rats

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