Comparative Efficacy of Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin, and Co-Trimoxazole in the Treatment Of

Snyder, Marshall L.; González, Óscar Villarroel; Palomino, Carmen; Music, Stanley; Hornick, Richard B.; Perroni, J; Woodward, William E.; Gonzalez, Christian; DuPont, Herbert L.; Woodward, Theodore E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91678-0

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Chloramphenicol is likely to remain the drug of choice for disease caused by chloramphenicol-susceptible strains, because chloramphenicol is cheaper, readily available for both oral and parenteral use, and regularly renders patients afebrile within 10 d after the start of treatment [21,22]. The role of ceftriaxone and other newer cephalosporins in typhoid fever will be in disease due to multiply resistant strains of S. typhi [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized Treatment of Patients with Typhoid Fever by Using Ceftriaxone or Chloramphenicol

Islam

Butler²,

Nath³

et al. 1988

Journal of Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized Treatment of Patients with Typhoid Fever by Using Ceftriaxone or Chloramphenicol

Islam

Butler²,

Nath³

et al. 1988

Journal of Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The succinate ester prodrug is used for intravenous or intramuscular administration and gives lower serum levels than the oral form (436,437). Chloramphenicol has been shown to be clinically effective in a number of studies (341,(438)(439)(440)(441)(442)(443)(444)(445)(446)(447). Disadvantages of chloramphenicol are its four-times-daily administration and the need to give it for at least 2 weeks to reduce the 10 to 15% risk of relapse.…”

Section: Traditional First-line Antimicrobialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dose-related and reversible bone marrow depression and irreversible bone marrow aplasia that is rare, unpredictable, and often fatal may occur (448). Amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were shown to have efficacy generally comparable to that of chloramphenicol with less risk of toxicity, although they also needed to be given for at least 2 weeks to avoid relapse (439,(449)(450)(451)(452)(453)(454)(455)(456). The experience with mecillinam was less convincing (456)(457)(458).…”

Section: Traditional First-line Antimicrobialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica , initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.

show abstract

“…Amoxicillin and cefazolin have been used successfully in patients with R strains (15,19,32) and S strains [30, 34a, 40]. Nevertheless, chloramphenicol was shown to be superior to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ for ty-phoid fever caused by S strains (36). Our results suggesting unsatisfactory responses in patients with S strains both to ampicillin and to TMP-SMZ make it imperative that susceptibility testing be done in areas where antimicrobial resistance has been reported in order that chloramphenicol can be given to patients with S strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatives to chloramphenicol, which have been shown to be clinically effective, include ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (1,4,16,21,22,23,31,33,35,36,39). TMP-SMZ offered promise because of favorable results in the treatment of antimicrobial-susceptible typhoid fever (4,16,21,22,33,39).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy of Antimicrobial-Resistant Typhoid Fever

Butler

Linh²,

Arnold³

et al. 1977

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever in Saigon was studied by examining in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities ofSalmonella typhi strains and conducting a randomized clinical trial of ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ). Isolates of S. typhi were obtained from blood or stool cultures of 90 patients. Of 87 isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 65 (75%) were resistant (R) to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline, and 22 (25%) were susceptible (S). The drug resistance was transferable to Escherichia coli and was found in 11 different Vi-phage types. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and to TMP-SMZ. Agar dilution studies of TMP and SMZ showed synergistic inhibition of growth in all 18 S isolates and in 12 of 48 R isolates tested. The clinical trial of ampicillin and TMP-SMZ showed that both drugs were equally effective. Treatment failure with both drugs was more frequent in patients with S isolates than in patients with R isolates. Therefore, in an area where antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever exists, patients with R isolates should receive either ampicillin or TMP-SMZ, but patients with S isolates should be treated with chloramphenicol.

show abstract

Comparative Efficacy of Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin, and Co-Trimoxazole in the Treatment Of

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Randomized Treatment of Patients with Typhoid Fever by Using Ceftriaxone or Chloramphenicol

Randomized Treatment of Patients with Typhoid Fever by Using Ceftriaxone or Chloramphenicol

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

Therapy of Antimicrobial-Resistant Typhoid Fever

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About