COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF PESTICIDES AND SOME PREDATORS TO CONTROL SPIDER MITES: II- BIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PREDATORS Stethorus gilvifrons, Amblyseius gossipi AND Phytoseiulus macropili ANd THEIR HOST TWO SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, Tetranychus urticae UNDER SOME CHEMICALS TREATMENTS.

Abstract

The effect of sub lethal doses of six compounds, three acaricides (abamectin, ethion and chorfenapyr),one pyrethroid (cyhalothrin),one mineral oil (Nat-1) and one plant extract (Allium sativum)on some biological and behavioral characteristics of the two spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae and adult female of predators Stethorus gilvifrons, Amblyseius gossipi, and Phytoseiulus macropilis was examined. The results indicated that Cyhalothrin was the most effective compound tested on egg deposition, which is beneficial for some IPM programs away from predators' employments. A. sativum extract has the least effect on egg deposition that confers a chance to produce eggs enough for predation including egg mite, the preferable stage, for some predators. Ethion, chlorfenapyr and abamectin are considered ideal from the biological point of view since they decreased egg deposition to a suitable level and the character is needed for any integrated mite management program. Nat-1 is the best compound that has a moderate effect on egg deposition of spider mite which gave these compound special importance in integrated mite management. Nat-1 and A.sativum extract exhibited the least effective ovicidal action. The ovicidal effect of Chlorfenapyr and abamectin were about the same against the egg stage of spider mite. Cyhalothrin and ethion were highly toxic compounds that caused the highest decrease in egg hatchability. Cyhalothrin and abamectin were the most effective on prey egg consumption, predator egg production and predator's egg hatchability of three predators. Ethion and chlorfenapyr occupy the next position in prey egg consumption, predator egg deposition and predator's egg hatchability of three predators. Nat-1 and A. sativum extract were the least effective compound in prey egg consumption, predator egg deposition and predator's egg hatchability of three predators. Also, Nat-1 and A.sativum extract were the safest compounds that allowed the predator's egg to hatch producing the next stages necessary to the biological agent to minimize prey populations.

Toxicological and Biological studies of Some Pesticides from Different Groups on Red Mite, tetranychus urticae. Under Laboratory Conditions

“…Reported that abamectin 1.8% EC (caused 87% mortality on egg hatching of T. urticae at 2.5 mg/L. Also, (Hosny et al,2010) found that LC50of abamectin (1.8% EC) was 1.05 mg/L and LC50 of chlorfenapyr (36% SC) was 168.11 mg/L against eggs of T. urticae from the obtained data after 24 and 48 h of the treatment with technical compounds, abamectin showed the highest acaricidal activity against the adult females followed by chlorfenapyr while pyridaben was less toxic compound. (Van Pottelberge et al, 2009) reported.…”

“…hatch inhibition was observed in eggs laid by treated adult females of Tetranychus urticae employing LC50 concentration at two physiological times (<12 and 48-72 h old). However, fecundity decreased in younger treated females, but it increased within the oldest ones of Tetranychus urticae Hosny et al, (2009 and2010), showed that fecundity was highly reduced by bromopropylate followed by fenpyroximate and dicofol and no significant differences among them in their effects were observed. It's interesting to notice that the results of sterilizing effect which had shown on T.cinnabrinus are clear within the present results.…”

Toxicity, joint action effect, and enzymatic assays of abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and pyridaben against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae

“…Given acaricide formulations, Ismail and others reported that Vapcomic 1.8% EC (formulation of abamectin) caused 87% mortality on egg hatching of T. urticae at 2.5 mg/L (Ismail et al, 2007). Also, Hosny and others found that LC 50 of abamectin (1.8% EC) was 1.05 mg/L and LC 50 of chlorfenapyr (36% SC) was 168.11 mg/L against eggs of T. urticae (Hosny et al, 2010).…”

Bioacaricidal Potential of Moringa oleifera Ethanol Extract for Tetranychus merganser Boudreaux (Acari: Tetranychidae) Control

“…In this regard, Fetoh and Al-Shammery [ 28 ] mentioned that the chemical substances present in plants are able to block out the micropyle region of the egg, impairing gas exchange and leading to the embryo’s death inside the egg. On the other hand, Hosny et al [ 29 ] mentioned that adult mite females exposed to discs treated with acaricides could be subject to partial or temporary sterility, leading to a lower number of eggs laid by females per day, as well as leading to a lower number of viable eggs, as compared to the control. According to the previous information, although more research is required, the extract of M. oleifera leaves causes these two effects and could be characterized as having sterilizing effect.…”