Comparative Evaluation of the Microbial Safety of Boiled Locally Vended Ready-to-Drink, HTST Pasteurized and UHT Bovine Milk Sold in Nakawa Division of Metropolitan Kampala

Omara, Timothy; Ndyamuhaki, Sarah; Kigenyi, Erisa; Kagoya, Sarah; Biira, Felista

doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0445.v1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…AFM 1 is detectable in milk 12-24 hours after the first AFB 1 ingestion, reaching a high level after a few days. us, dietary exposure to AFs through consumption of milk from lactating animals fed on AF-contaminated feeds in Uganda is as high as microbial contamination of milk reported in Metropolitan Kampala [84]. In Western Uganda, Kitya et al [57] reported that a bovine milk-based ghee sauce (Eshabwe) had a mean total AF content of 18.6 ± 2.4 μg/kg which was the highest of all the matrices tested for AFs in the Ankole districts of Mbarara, Ntungamo, Rukungiri, Kasese, and Kabale (Table 4).…”

Section: Animal Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins in Uganda: An Encyclopedic Review of the Etiology, Epidemiology, Detection, Quantification, Exposure Assessment, Reduction, and Control

Omara

Nassazi

Omute

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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Uganda is an agrarian country where farming employs more than 60% of the population. Aflatoxins remain a scourge in the country, unprecedentedly reducing the nutritional and economic value of agricultural foods. This review was sought to synthetize the country’s major findings in relation to the mycotoxins’ etiology, epidemiology, detection, quantification, exposure assessment, control, and reduction in different matrices. Electronic results indicate that aflatoxins in Uganda are produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and have been reported in maize, sorghum, sesame, beans, sunflower, millet, peanuts, and cassava. The causes and proliferation of aflatoxigenic contamination of Ugandan foods have been largely due to poor pre-, peri-, and postharvest activities, poor government legislation, lack of awareness, and low levels of education among farmers, entrepreneurs, and consumers on this plague. Little diet diversity has exacerbated the risk of exposure to aflatoxins in Uganda because most of the staple foods are aflatoxin-prone. On the detection and control, these are still marginal, though some devoted scholars have devised and validated a sensitive portable device for on-site aflatoxin detection in maize and shown that starter cultures used for making some cereal-based beverages have the potential to bind aflatoxins. More efforts should be geared towards awareness creation and vaccination against hepatitis B and hepatitis A to reduce the risk of development of liver cancer among the populace.

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Section: Animal Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins in Uganda: An Encyclopedic Review of the Etiology, Epidemiology, Detection, Quantification, Exposure Assessment, Reduction, and Control

Omara

Nassazi

Omute

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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“…Uganda, the pearl of Africa [63] is a landlocked country straddling the equator in Eastern Africa. It is flanked by Lake Victoria, Tanzania and Rwanda to the south, Kenya to the East, South Sudan to the North and Democratic Republic of Congo to the West (Figure 2).…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivenin Plants Used for Treatment of Snakebites in Uganda: Ethnobotanical Reports and Pharmacological Evidences

Omara

Kagoya

Openy

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Snakebite envenomation, cognized as a neglected tropical disease, is a dread public health concern with the most susceptible groups being herdsmen, the elderly, active farmers, hunters, fishers, firewood collectors, 10 to 14-year old working children and individuals with limited access to education and health care. Snakebites are fragmentarily documented in Uganda primarily because most occur in rural settings where traditional therapists end up being the first line defence for treatment. Ethnobotanical surveys in Uganda have unveiled that some plants are used to antagonize the activity of various snake venoms. This review was sought to compile the sporadic information on the vegetal species reported as antivenins in Uganda. Electronic data indicate that no study entirely reported on antivenin plants in Uganda. A total of 77 plant species belonging to 65 genera, distributed among 42 botanical families claimed as antiophidic in Uganda are used for treatment of snakebites. Majority of these species belong to family Fabaceae (30.9%), Euphorbiaceae (14.3%), Asteraceae (11.9%), Amaryllidaceae (9.5%) and Solanaceae (9.5%). The antiophidic species listed are shrubs (40.5%), trees (32.9%) and herbs (17.7%), usually found in the wild and uncultivated. Antivenin extracts are primarily prepared from roots and leaves, through decoctions, infusions, powders and juices and administered orally or topically. The most frequently encountered therapeutically important species are Allium cepa L., Carica papaya L., Securidaca longipedunculata Fres., Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv. and Nicotiana tabacum L. Baseline epidemiological data on snake envenomation and antivenin plants in Uganda remain incomplete due to inadequate research and diverse ethnic groups in the country. There is a dire need to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds in the claimed plants to enable their adroit utilization in handling the plague of snake envenomation. More baseline data should be collected on snake ecology and human behaviour as well as antivenin plants in Uganda. Indigenous knowledge on the use of plant preparations in traditional medicine in Uganda is humongous, but if this is not quickly researched and appropriately documented, indications as to the usefulness of this vegetal treasure house will be lost in the not so distant future.

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“…While fermented milk is also a product that is in demand because of its usefulness to the digestive system. So for the selection of pasteurized milk products tend to be less desirable because of constraints on the distribution channel (Omara et al, 2018). Pasteurized milk which requires the presence of a cold chain (cooling lane), tends to be durable and easily damaged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Quality Analysis of Fermented and Uht Milk Samples Collected From Different Locations in Indonesia

Kusumawati

Gunarti²,

Arfania³

et al. 2020

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Diarrhea can occur due to food and beverage poisoning, with the highest cause being caused by infection with various bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Bacteria that can cause this disease are Escherichia coli bacteria which are known as good bacteria in the digestive tract. But the reality is that in microbiology not all types of Escherichia coli are good bacteria. Aim to find out the content and number of Escherichia coli bacteria colonies in UHT milk brands A and B as well as brand x yogurt products. Identification of Escherichia coli bacteria by the IMVIC Test method (Indole, Methyl-Red (MR) test, Voges Proskauer (VP), and Citrate), TPC (Total Plate Count), bacterial staining and microscope observation. Negative and positive results were obtained in the indole test and the methyl-red test was characterized by the formation of a red ring at the top for positive results and a yellow ring at the top for negative results, as well as negative results obtained in the Voges Proskauer test and the citrate test. Then for the results of gram staining and microscope testing the bacterial morphology was not seen. For the calculation of colonies, 45 colonies of sample A, 60 colonies of sample B, and 38 colonies of sample X. Samples containing Escherichia coli are contained in sample A of UHT milk and sample X of yogurt products and microbial contamination in samples according to SNI 2009.

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Comparative Evaluation of the Microbial Safety of Boiled Locally Vended Ready-to-Drink, HTST Pasteurized and UHT Bovine Milk Sold in Nakawa Division of Metropolitan Kampala

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Aflatoxins in Uganda: An Encyclopedic Review of the Etiology, Epidemiology, Detection, Quantification, Exposure Assessment, Reduction, and Control

Aflatoxins in Uganda: An Encyclopedic Review of the Etiology, Epidemiology, Detection, Quantification, Exposure Assessment, Reduction, and Control

Antivenin Plants Used for Treatment of Snakebites in Uganda: Ethnobotanical Reports and Pharmacological Evidences

Microbiological Quality Analysis of Fermented and Uht Milk Samples Collected From Different Locations in Indonesia

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