Comparative Inactivation of Adenovirus Serotypes by UV Light Disinfection

Nwachuku, Nena; Gerba, Charles P.; Oswald, Amy; Mashadi, Faezeh D.

doi:10.1128/aem.71.9.5633-5636.2005

Cited by 79 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…irradiation after survived freezing compared to those without experience freezing [13], [14], [20]. A recent study by Williams at al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the requirements of the finished water quality, UV disinfection may be needed after freezing treatment. Waterborne microorganisms might behave differently to UV irradiation after survived freezing compared to those without experience freezing [13], [14], [20]. A recent study by Williams at al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waterborne microorganisms might behave differently to UV Manuscript received December 5, 2012; revised February 27, 2013. W. Gao is with Department of Civil Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (e-mail: wagao@lakeheadu.ca).irradiation after survived freezing compared to those without experience freezing [13], [14], [20]. A recent study by Williams at al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Different Strains of Enterococcus faecalis to UV Inactivation after Freezing

Gao¹,

Williams²

2013

IJESD

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Abstract-Response of two strains of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria, ATCC strain 29212 and ATCC strain 51299 (vancomycin resistant) to UV inactivation after survived freezing treatment was examined. The test microorganisms were frozen at -7 °C, -15 °C or -30 °C with one, three or five freeze and thaw cycles prior to UV irradiation to investigate the effect of freezing temperature and freeze thaw cycles on the efficacy of UV inactivation. Experimental results suggest that freezing influenced the response of Enterococcus faecalis cells to UV irradiation. Freezing treated cells behaved differently compared to those had not frozen.Index Terms-Enterococcus faecalis, freezing treatment, UV disinfection, waterborne pathogens, water and wastewater treatment. I. INTRODUCTIONConventional municipal wastewater treatment systems can significantly reduce the population of microorganisms; however, after treatment wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents may still contain high numbers of fecal bacteria. Published research data indicated that the portion of pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria in WWTP effluent remained at significant concentrations or even increase [1]- [5]. Release of pathogenic and antibiotic resistant microorganisms with WWTP effluents is a growing public health concern [6], [7]. Multiple antibiotic resistant fecal coliforms and enterococci including vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) have been detected in influent, effluent, and sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants [8][9]. WWTPs provide a favorable environment for gene transfer due to high bacterial densities and nutritional richness of the influents [4], [8], [9]. Applications of UV disinfection in water and wastewater treatment systems have increased in recent years in Canada. Numerous research has been carried out to find the correlations between water quality, bacterial sensitivity and UV disinfection efficiency [10]-[12], the impact of cold temperatures on UV disinfection processes, especially, the responses of the pathogenic microorganisms after experiencing freezing to UV is however seldom examined [13], [14]. As a treatment alternative, natural or mechanical freezing has been used for various water or wastewater treatment, sludge pre-treatment or conditioning, and desalination [15]-[19]. Depending on the requirements of the finished water quality, UV disinfection may be needed after freezing treatment. Waterborne microorganisms might behave differently to UV Manuscript received December 5, 2012; revised February 27, 2013. W. Gao is with Department of Civil Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (e-mail: wagao@lakeheadu.ca).irradiation after survived freezing compared to those without experience freezing [13], [14], [20]. A recent study by Williams at al. [14] revealed that after freezing waterborne microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Bacillus behaved differently to UV irradiation compared to those had not frozen. Freezing affected the response of these microbes, a lower UV inactivat...

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“…irradiation after survived freezing compared to those without experience freezing [13], [14], [20]. A recent study by Williams at al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Different Strains of Enterococcus faecalis to UV Inactivation after Freezing

Gao¹,

Williams²

2013

IJESD

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“…AdV are members of Adenoviridae family -and can cause gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, as well as respiratory infections (ICTV, 2009;Lenaerts et al, 2008). When compared with other enteric viruses, AdV show higher resistance to UV light inactivation used in drinking and wastewater treatments (Gerba et al, 2002;Nwachuku et al, 2005). Enteroviruses belong to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family, order Picornavirales (ICTV, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Rotavirus and Torque teno virus in water samples collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre, Brazil

et al. 2012

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Adenovirus (AdV), enterovirus (EV), genogroup A rotaviruses (GARV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) are non-enveloped viral agents excreted in feces and so may contaminate water bodies. In the present study, the molecular detection of these viruses was performed in samples of surface water collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, a waterstream that crosses the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, receiving great volumes of non-treated sewage from a large urban area. Sampling was performed during 2009, in three different occasions (January, April and September). The highest detection rate was observed for EV (64.28%), followed by TTV (28.57%) and AdV (21.43%). Rotaviruses were not detected. More than on kind of tested virus was detected in five (35. 71%) of 14 samples. January was the month with the highest viral detection rate, being all samples, collected in this month, positive for at least one group of tested virus. The correlation between the detection of these different viral agents and environmental factors is discussed. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first description of viral genomes in water samples taken from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre (Brazil).

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“…To date, research on the kinetics and mechanisms of virus inactivation has focused on drinking water treatment methods typically applied in industrialized countries. Adenoviruses generally show considerable resistance to disinfection with monochromatic UVC light and monochloramines (10)(11)(12)(13)(14) but are readily inactivated by free chlorine (12,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Human Adenovirus Inactivation by Sunlight and UVC Light as Examined by Quantitative PCR and Quantitative Proteomics

Bosshard

Armand

Hamelin

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are important pathogens in both industrialized and developing nations. HAdV has been shown to be relatively resistant to monochromatic UVC light. Polychromatic UVC light, in contrast, is a more effective means of disinfection, presumably due to the involvement of viral proteins in the inactivation mechanism. Solar disinfection of HAdV, finally, is only poorly understood. In this paper, the kinetics and mechanism of HAdV inactivation by UVC light and direct and indirect solar disinfection are elucidated. PCR and mass spectrometry were employed to quantify the extent of genome and protein degradation and to localize the affected regions in the HAdV proteins. For this purpose, we used for the first time an approach involving stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) of a human virus. Inactivation by UVC light and the full sunlight spectrum were found to efficiently inactivate HAdV, whereas UVA-visible light only caused inactivation in the presence of external sensitizers (indirect solar disinfection). Genome damage was significant for UVC but was less important for solar disinfection. In contrast, indirect solar disinfection exhibited extensive protein degradation. In particular, the fiber protein and the amino acids responsible for host binding within the fiber protein were shown to degrade. In addition, the central domain of the penton protein was damaged, which may inhibit interactions with the fiber protein and lead to a disruption of the initial stages of infection. Damage to the hexon protein, however, appeared to affect only regions not directly involved in the infectious cycle.

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Comparative Inactivation of Adenovirus Serotypes by UV Light Disinfection

Cited by 79 publications

References 8 publications

Response of Different Strains of Enterococcus faecalis to UV Inactivation after Freezing

Response of Different Strains of Enterococcus faecalis to UV Inactivation after Freezing

First description of Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Rotavirus and Torque teno virus in water samples collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Mechanisms of Human Adenovirus Inactivation by Sunlight and UVC Light as Examined by Quantitative PCR and Quantitative Proteomics

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