Comparative mechanisms and rates of free radical scavenging by carotenoid antioxidants

Mortensen, Alan; Skibsted, Leif H.; Sampson, Julia; Rice‐Evans, Catherine; Everett, Steven A.

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01355-0

Cited by 256 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Binding of lycopene or β-carotene to other RNS, such as nitrogen dioxide (Bohm et al, 1995, Kikugawa et al, 1997 has been reported previously, though the nature of the carotenoid-ROS/RNS reaction is dependent on the type of radical species involved (Mortensen et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effect of lycopene and β-carotene on peroxynitrite-mediated cellular modifications

Muzandu

Ishizuka

Sakamoto

et al. 2006

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Peroxynitrite formed by the reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide is a highly reactive species with a role in various pathological processes such as cancer, chronic inflammation, and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. In the present study, the effect of the carotenoids, lycopene and β-carotene, on peroxynitrite-mediated modifications in plasmid DNA as well as cellular DNA and proteins were investigated. In pUC18 plasmid DNA, these carotenoids strongly inhibited DNA strand breaks caused by peroxynitrite generated from 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). SIN-1 was also used to determine effects on DNA damage and protein tyrosine nitration in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. SIN-1 dose-dependently increased nitration of proteins in cells above basal levels as determined by western blotting. This nitration was inhibited in the presence of the uric acid as well as lycopene. Physiological concentrations (0.31-10 μM) of lycopene and β-carotene also had protective effects on DNA damage, as measured by the comet assay. Lycopene significantly reduced DNA damage particularly, in the median range of concentrations (2.5 μM).The protective effects of lycopene and β-carotene could be due to their scavenging of reactive oxygen (ROS) and/or nitrogen species (RNS) as they reduce the amount of intracellular ROS/RNS produced following treatment with SIN-1 by as much as 47.5 and 42.4 %, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest that carotenoids may alleviate some of the deleterious effects of peroxynitrite and possibly other reactive nitrogen species as well in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effect of lycopene and β-carotene on peroxynitrite-mediated cellular modifications

Muzandu

Ishizuka

Sakamoto

et al. 2006

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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“…The antioxidant properties of tomato-derived lycopene are well known [Di Mascio et al, 1989;Mortensen et al, 1997]. Lycopene has been shown to reduce intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide via dichlorofluorescein fluorescence assays in MCF-7 cells [Ben-Dor et al, 2005].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of gene methylation by genistein or lycopene in breast cancer cells

King-Batoon

Leszczyńska

Klein

2008

Environ and Mol Mutagen

209

113

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Dietary agents with chemopreventive potential, including soy-derived genistein and tomato-derived lycopene, have been shown to alter gene expression in ways that can either promote or potentially inhibit the carcinogenic processes. To begin to explore the mechanisms by which these agents may be acting we have examined the DNA methylation modulating capacity of genistein or lycopene for several genes relevant to breast cancer in the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468, as well as in immortalized but noncancer fibrocystic MCF10A breast cells. We find using methylation specific PCR (MSP) that a low, nontoxic concentration of genistein (3.125 lM, resupplemented every 48 hr for 1 week) or a single dose of lycopene (2 lM) partially demethylates the promoter of the GSTP1 tumor suppressor gene in MDA-MB-468 cells. RT-PCR studies confirm a lack of GSTP1 expression in untreated MDA-MB-468, with restoration of GSTP1 expression after genistein or lycopene treatment. The RARb2 gene however, was not demethylated by genistein or lycopene in either of these breast cancer cell lines. But, lycopene (2 lM, once per week for 2 weeks) did induce demethylation of RARb2 and the HIN-1 genes in the noncancer MCF10A fibrocystic breast cells. These data show for the first time that the tomato carotenoid lycopene has direct DNA demethylating activity. In summary, both genistein and lycopene, at very low, dietarily relevant concentrations can potentially mitigate tumorigenic processes via promoter methylation modulation of gene expression. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 49:36-45, 2008.

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“…The mechanisms and rate of scavenging of free radicals by carotenoids in solution is strongly dependent on the nature of ROS itself (37). ␤-Carotene is very reactive to peroxy radicals but much less so to hydroxyl radical and superoxide (38).…”

Section: Effect Of Carotenoids On H2o2-induced Mrna Expression and Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Carotene and Lutein Inhibit Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Activation of NF-κB and IL-8 Expression in Gastric Epithelial AGS Cells

Kim

Seo

Kim

2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) are involved in the pathogenesis of gastric inflammation. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent mediator of the inflammatory response by activating and recruiting neutrophils to the site of infection. Oxidant-sensitive transcription factor NF-B regulates the expression of IL-8 in the immune and inflammatory events. Carotenoids (carotenes and oxygenated carotenoids) show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Low intake of ␤ -carotene leads to high risk of gastric cancer. Oxygenated carotenoid lutein inhibited NF-B activation in experimental uveitis. The present study aims to investigate whether ␤ -carotene and lutein inhibit H 2 O 2 -induced activation of NF-B and expression of IL-8 in gastric epithelial AGS cells. The cells were treated with carotenoids 2 h prior to the treatment of H 2 O 2 . mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR analyses. IL-8 level in the medium was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NF-B activation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. ROS levels of the cells were detected by confocal microscopic analysis for fluorescent dichlorofluorescein. As a result, H 2 O 2 induced the activation of NF-B and expression of IL-8 in AGS cells time-dependently. ␤ -Carotene and lutein showed inhibitory effects on H 2 O 2 -induced increase in intracellular ROS levels, activation of NF-B, and IL-8 expression in AGS cells. In conclusion, supplementation of carotenoids such as ␤ -carotene and lutein may be beneficial for the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated gastric inflammation.

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Comparative mechanisms and rates of free radical scavenging by carotenoid antioxidants

Cited by 256 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of lycopene and β-carotene on peroxynitrite-mediated cellular modifications

Effect of lycopene and β-carotene on peroxynitrite-mediated cellular modifications

Modulation of gene methylation by genistein or lycopene in breast cancer cells

β-Carotene and Lutein Inhibit Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Activation of NF-κB and IL-8 Expression in Gastric Epithelial AGS Cells

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