Comparative neuropsychology and Korsakoff's syndrome. III—Delayed response, delayed alternation and DRL performance

Oscar‐Berman, Marlene; Zola‐Morgan, Stuart; Öberg, R. Gunilla E.; Bonner, Robert T.

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(82)90009-4

Cited by 100 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…hippocampal formation lesions were impaired on this task at 15-and 30-set delays, amnesic patients performed well even at 60-set delays (Oscar-Berman and Zola-Morgan, 1982). In the case of the delayed response task, it may be so easy for human subjects to rehearse or use other mnemonic devices during the delay interval that the task is insensitive to amnesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesions of the hippocampal formation but not lesions of the fornix or the mammillary nuclei produce long-lasting memory impairment in monkeys

1989

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A group of tasks sensitive to human amnesia were used to characterize the severity and duration of memory impairment in monkeys following bilateral damage to the hippocampal formation, fornix, or mammillary nuclei. Monkeys with hippocampal formation lesions (which included the hippocampus proper, dentate gyrus, subiculum, posterior entorhinal cortex, and much of the parahippocampal gyrus) exhibited a substantial and lasting memory impairment. Monkeys with fornix transection or bilateral damage to the mammillary nuclei were impaired on the first task administered after surgery (delayed nonmatching to sample). However, they performed all the other tasks normally and were unimpaired when the delayed nonmatching to sample task was re- administered 18 months after surgery. The findings are consistent with reports that damage limited to the human hippocampus can produce a clinically significant and permanent amnesia. Because fornix transection or mammillary lesions produced only transient memory impairment, it seems unlikely that similar damage in humans can cause a severe or permanent amnesia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesions of the hippocampal formation but not lesions of the fornix or the mammillary nuclei produce long-lasting memory impairment in monkeys

1989

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“…Lesions of the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus that spare the reunions nucleus have also been found to increase premature responding with the rat 5-CSRTT (Chudasama and Muir, 2001). While no studies have been performed with selective midline or intralaminar thalamic nuclei in rats and the DRL, human subjects with Korsakoff's syndrome have been found to exhibit disruptions of DRL performance; namely, Korsakoff patients increase response rates with a leftshifted IRT distribution as a function of increasing the schedule time requirement from the DRL 3-second behavior up to the highest schedule tested, the DRL 18-second behavior (Oscar-Berman et al, 1982). The subjects with Korsakoff's syndrome appeared more impulsive when compared with alcoholic subjects with Korsakoff's syndrome or healthy subjects.…”

Section: Comparison Of Neurocircuitry Underlying 5-csrtt and Drl Behamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Impulsive Bias and Altered Decision Making as Predictors of Drug Efficacy and Target Selection: Rethinking Behavioral Screening for Antidepressant Drugs

Marek

Day

Hudzik

2015

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Cognitive dysfunction may be a core feature of major depressive disorder, including affective processing bias, abnormal response to negative feedback, changes in decision making, and increased impulsivity. Accordingly, a translational medicine paradigm predicts clinical action of novel antidepressants by examining drug-induced changes in affective processing bias. With some exceptions, these concepts have not been systematically applied to preclinical models to test new chemical entities. The purpose of this review is to examine whether an empirically derived behavioral screen for antidepressant drugs may screen for compounds, at least in part, by modulating an impulsive biasing of responding and altered decision making. The differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 72-second schedule is an operant schedule with a documented fidelity for discriminating antidepressant drugs from nonantidepressant drugs. However, a theoretical basis for this empirical relationship has been lacking. Therefore, this review will discuss whether response bias toward impulsive behavior may be a critical screening characteristic of DRL behavior requiring long interresponse times to obtain rewards. This review will compare and contrast DRL behavior with the five-choice serial reaction time task, a test specifically designed for assessing motoric impulsivity, with respect to psychopharmacological testing and the neural basis of distributed macrocircuits underlying these tasks. This comparison suggests that the existing empirical basis for the DRL 72-second schedule as a pharmacological screen for antidepressant drugs is complemented by a novel hypothesis that altering impulsive response bias for rodents trained on this operant schedule is a previously unrecognized theoretical cornerstone for this screening paradigm.

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“…Moreover, nondemented PD patients exhibit impairments in working memory tasks (Freedman and Oscar Berman, 1986;Bradley et al, 1989;Owen et al, 1992;Postle et al, 1995;Gabrieli et al, 1996;Partiot et al, 1996) as well as in numerous other related or derivative executive functions such as planning, problem solving, formation of concepts, shifting abilities, temporal ordering, categorization, and self-generation of strategies for the retrieval of stored information (for review, see Dubois et al, 1991). In early stages of HD, when the neuronal loss affects primarily the mediodorsal portion of the caudate nucleus and spares the cerebral cortex (Vonsattel et al, 1985), a prefrontal dysfunction (Brandt, 1991) including a deficit in spatial working memory (Oscar Berman et al, 1982;Lawrence et al, 1995) is likely to be seen as well. Finally, unilateral or bilateral vascular lesions restricted to the head of the caudate nucleus induce aboulia, resulting in the reduction of spontaneous thoughts, initiative, and motor activity (Bhatia and Marsden, 1994).…”

Section: Clinical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Activation of the Caudate Nucleus in Primates Performing Spatial and Nonspatial Working Memory Tasks

et al. 1997

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The caudate nucleus is part of an anatomical network subserving functions associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the metabolic activity in the striatum reflects specific changes in working memory tasks, which are known to be dependent on the DLPFC, and whether these changes reflect the topographic ordering of prefrontal connections within the striatum. Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) rates were assessed in the striatum by the 14 C-2-deoxyglucose method in monkeys that performed a spatial (delayed spatial alternation), a nonspatial (delayed object alternation) visual working memory task, or tasks that did not involve working memory, i.e., a visual pattern discrimination or sensorimotor paradigm.The results show a topographic segregation of activation related to spatial and nonspatial working memory, respectively. The delayed spatial alternation task increases LCGU rates bilaterally by 33-43% in the head of the caudate nucleus, where efferents from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex project most densely. The delayed object alternation task enhances LCGU rates bilaterally by 32-37% in the body of the caudate nucleus, which is innervated by the temporal cortex. The visual pattern discrimination task similarly activated the body of the caudate, but in a smaller region and only in the right hemisphere.These findings provide the first evidence for metabolic activation of the caudate nuclei in working memory, supporting the role of this nucleus as a node in a neural network mediating DLPFC-dependent working memory processes. The double dissociation of activation observed suggests an anatomical and functional segregation of cortico-striatal circuits subserving spatial and nonspatial cognitive operations.

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Comparative neuropsychology and Korsakoff's syndrome. III—Delayed response, delayed alternation and DRL performance

Cited by 100 publications

References 57 publications

Lesions of the hippocampal formation but not lesions of the fornix or the mammillary nuclei produce long-lasting memory impairment in monkeys

Lesions of the hippocampal formation but not lesions of the fornix or the mammillary nuclei produce long-lasting memory impairment in monkeys

The Utility of Impulsive Bias and Altered Decision Making as Predictors of Drug Efficacy and Target Selection: Rethinking Behavioral Screening for Antidepressant Drugs

Differential Activation of the Caudate Nucleus in Primates Performing Spatial and Nonspatial Working Memory Tasks

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