Comparative study of CFD models of the air flow produced by an air-assisted sprayer adapted to the crop geometry

Evaluation of leaf deposit quality between electrostatic and conventional multi-row sprayers in a trellised vineyard

“…The electrostatic system was disconnected during this test. These air characterizations were based on similar work for air-assisted sprayers adapted to vineyards (Gil et al, 2015;Badules et al, 2018).…”

Fluid Dynamic Approaches for Prediction of Spray Drift from Ground Pesticide Applications: A Review

“…Once the CFD achieved an accurate prediction of multi-scale flow regimes, the use of the former theories, such as turbulent air jet, entrained air current, and canopy airflows, had faded. Most of the flow-related phenomena were resolved by the CFD simulation with geometrical modelling of air jet ducts [122] and plant architecture [104], instead of the physical or semi-empirical theories. However, the CFD approach still used the former theories for some significant features, such as the droplet release and the droplet retention by plant canopy.…”

“…The homogeneity of the vertical distribution was examined by field measurements and, at the same time, used for the validation of the air flow simulations. Vertical velocity profile was assessed usually near the sprayer outlets and at the location of the spray target, while plants were not considered [60,122,123]. Some studies examined the velocity profile at the rear of the target plant [116] or inside the plant [103] in order to validate the effect of drag by the plant canopy on the air flow.…”

“…Since the first time of using CFD simulations in pesticide spray applications [14], CFD has been actively used to predict the spray drift for ground applications and provided the most advanced solutions on the movement of spray droplets in the air. Especially, many studies investigated the trajectory of spray droplets injected from the nozzles until they reached the target plants or the distribution of droplets in the near field around the sprayer [122,123,128]. Since the nuisances arisen from spray drift are mostly far-field issues, the prediction of CFD simulations needs to be extended up to some distances, at least tens of meters, on the downwind side of the target area.…”

Dynamic evaluation of airflow stream generated by a reverse system of an axial fan sprayer using 3D-ultrasonic anemometers. Effect of canopy structure

“…Hot wire anemometers and Pitot tubes give information about the velocity magnitude in each component. These sensors are very useful for calculating the airflow rate or studying the airflow that passes through a unidirectional conduit and areas close to the air outlet (De Moor et al, 2002;Cross et al, 2003;Świechowski et al, 2004Świechowski et al, : Delele et al, 2005Cerruto, 2007;Pergher and Petris, 2008;Dekeyser et al, 2012Dekeyser et al, , 2013García-Ramos et al, 2012Gu et al, 2012;Pascuzzi, 2013;Duga et al, 2015;Garcerá et al, 2017;Hołownicki et al, 2017;Miranda et al, 2017Miranda et al, , 2018Balsari et al, 2019;Badules et al, 2018). But they do not serve to determine the direction of airflow or to detect turbulent structures.…”