Comparative Study of Permanent Magnet, Conventional, and Advanced Induction Machines for Traction Applications

Gündoğdu, Tayfun; Zhu, Z. Q.

doi:10.3390/wevj13080137

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…RFMs have a distributed winding along the pole pairs in q s slots per pole and phase, where q s is not necessarily an integer number. Being N ms the number of turns connected in series to produce flux linkages ( 24) and ( 25), obtained from current load ( 14), if the winding has a s paths in parallel then the number of turns per slot (40) has to be increased proportionally.…”

Section: E Stator Teeth Stator Yoke Rotor Yoke and Tfm Bridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Analytical Sizing Methodology for Transverse and Radial Flux Machines

Ballestín-Bernad,

Egea-Cáceres,

Artal-Sevil

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Transverse flux machines have the potential to offer high torque density in direct-drive vehicle traction applications. Besides, sizing equations are a wide-spread technique for transverse flux machines design, as their computational cost is much lower than the finite element method. In this paper a novel analytical sizing methodology for transverse and radial flux machines is presented, focusing on the current load and the pole length factor as the main design parameters. The motor specifications are intended for a light-duty electric vehicle application. As transverse flux machines have a single, hoop-shaped coil per phase that embraces the flux of all the pole pairs, their principle of operation and therefore their sizing equations differ from radial flux machines. The proposed analytical method allows to compare transverse and radial flux machines easily through a similarity analysis and a parametric study. Furthermore, the discrepancies between the analytical model and the finite element method are quantified and then included in previous equations. Then the analytical model is optimized with a multiobjective genetic algorithm in the final stage. According to the sizing methodology presented here, transverse flux machines have a superior performance than radial flux machines in terms of torque density and efficiency.

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Section: E Stator Teeth Stator Yoke Rotor Yoke and Tfm Bridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N Qs = a s N ms for TFMs as qsp N ms for RFMs (40) If the RMS current density of each wire is J s , the slot fill factor is k Cu and the slot section is S ss , the sum of currents through the slot section gives (41). Therefore, substituting (40) in (41) gives (42).…”

Section: E Stator Teeth Stator Yoke Rotor Yoke and Tfm Bridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Analytical Sizing Methodology for Transverse and Radial Flux Machines

Ballestín-Bernad,

Egea-Cáceres,

Artal-Sevil

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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show abstract

“…Induction machines (IM) and permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) have been found to be the most preferred electric machine types for modern-day road vehicle applications. They are more favourable than field wound, switch reluctance machines (SRM) and variable flux synchronous machines due to better torque density and efficiency characteristics [104,105]. SRM has the advantages of simpler configuration, absence of permanent magnets, lower costs, high-speed operability, and greater reliability [106].…”

Section: Edrive and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brushless DC PMSM offers high efficiency of PMSM along with high-speed operation comparable to SRM machines [106]. Gundogdu et al have compared torque capabilities, flux weakening, operating efficiency and torque ripple of internal permanent magnet machine (IPM) with conventional and advanced non-overlapping winding induction machines (CIM, AIM) and have shown higher overall efficiency of IPM over the latter (>1%); greater efficiency of AIM over CIM in deep flux-weakening regions along with higher torque ripple; and shorter axial length of AIM with similar efficiency and torque output as CIM, which can further be improved by extending the stack length [104]. To lower dependency on rare-earth materials, permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machines (PMASRM) are also being considered using less rare-earth permanent magnets for excitation, lowering costs with minimal compromise on torque, high-speed operation, improved reliability, and overall performance [107].…”

Section: Edrive and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Fuel Cell Powertrains for Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Technology, Hydrogen, Energy and Thermal Management Solutions

et al. 2022

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Long-haul heavy-duty vehicles, including trucks and coaches, contribute to a substantial portion of the modern-day European carbon footprint and pose a major challenge in emissions reduction due to their energy-intensive usage. Depending on the hydrogen fuel source, the use of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) for long-haul applications has shown significant potential in reducing road freight CO2 emissions until the possible maturity of future long-distance battery-electric mobility. Fuel cell heavy-duty (HD) propulsion presents some specific characteristics, advantages and operating constraints, along with the notable possibility of gains in powertrain efficiency and usability through improved system design and intelligent onboard energy and thermal management. This paper provides an overview of the FCEV powertrain topology suited for long-haul HD applications, their operating limitations, cooling requirements, waste heat recovery techniques, state-of-the-art in powertrain control, energy and thermal management strategies and over-the-air route data based predictive powertrain management including V2X connectivity. A case study simulation analysis of an HD 40-tonne FCEV truck is also presented, focusing on the comparison of powertrain losses and energy expenditures in different subsystems while running on VECTO Regional delivery and Longhaul cycles. The importance of hydrogen fuel production pathways, onboard storage approaches, refuelling and safety standards, and fleet management is also discussed. Through a comprehensive review of the H2 fuel cell powertrain technology, intelligent energy management, thermal management requirements and strategies, and challenges in hydrogen production, storage and refuelling, this article aims at helping stakeholders in the promotion and integration of H2 FCEV technology towards road freight decarbonisation.

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“…They have many advantages, such as high-power density, high efficiency, high torque/mass, high power/mass ratios, zero losses due to the rotor Joule effect, high reliability, and better controllability. In fact, this type of machine is recognized by its advantages as reported in [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, SP-PMSMs have the power to offer a smaller size for more compact mechanical assemblies, as it is the case for electric cars [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Nonlinear Control of Salient-Pole PMSM for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Theory and Experiments

Fakir

Idrissi

Lassioui

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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This research work deals with the problem of controlling a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SP-PMSM) used in hybrid electric vehicles. An adaptive nonlinear controller based on the backstepping technique is developed to meet the following requirements: control of the reference vehicle speed in the presence of load variation and changes in the internal motor parameters while keeping the reliability and stability of the vehicle. The complexity of the control problem lies on the system nonlinearity, instability and the problem of inaccessibility to measure all the internal parameters, such as inertia, friction and load variation. For this issue, an adaptive backstepping regulator is developed to estimate these parameters. On the basis of formal analysis and simulation, as well as test results, it is clearly shown that the designed controller achieves all the goals, namely robustness and reliability of the controller, stability of the system and speed control, considering the uncertainty parameters’ measurements.

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Comparative Study of Permanent Magnet, Conventional, and Advanced Induction Machines for Traction Applications

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

A Comprehensive Analytical Sizing Methodology for Transverse and Radial Flux Machines

A Comprehensive Analytical Sizing Methodology for Transverse and Radial Flux Machines

A Review of Fuel Cell Powertrains for Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Technology, Hydrogen, Energy and Thermal Management Solutions

Adaptive Nonlinear Control of Salient-Pole PMSM for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Theory and Experiments

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