Comparative Study of Useful Compounds Extracted from Lophanthus anisatus by Green Extraction

Abstract

Essential oils were obtained from different parts of Agastache foeniculum (Lophanthus anisatus) plants by means of extraction: green extraction using hydro-distillation (HD) and bio-solvent distillation, BiAD, discontinuous distillation, and supercritical fluid extraction, in two stages: (1) with CO2, and (2) with CO2 and ethanol co-solvent. The extraction yields were determined. The yield values varied for different parts of the plant, as well as the method of extraction. Thus, they had the values of 0.62 ± 0.020 and 0.92 ± 0.015 g/100 g for the samples from the whole aerial plant, 0.75 ± 0.008 and 1.06 ± 0.005 g/100 g for the samples of leaves, and 1.22 ± 0.011 and 1.60 ± 0.049 g/100 g for the samples of flowers for HD and BiAD, respectively. The yield values for supercritical fluid extraction were of 0.94 ± 0.010 and 0.32 ± 0.007 g/100 g for the samples of whole aerial plant, 0.9 ± 0.010 and 1.14 ± 0.008 g/100 g for the samples of leaves, and 1.94 ± 0.030 and 0.57 ± 0.003 g/100 g for the samples of flowers, in the first and second stages, respectively. The main components of Lophanthus anisatus were identified as: estragon, limonene, eugenol, chavicol, benzaldehyde, and pentanol. The essential oil from Agatache foeniculum has antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, the Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acclimatization of Lophantus anisatus in Romania gives it special qualities by concentrating components such as: estragole over 93%, limonene over 8%, especially in flowers; and chavicol over 14%, estragole over 30%, eugenol and derivatives (methoxy eugenol, methyl eugenol, etc.) over 30% and phenyl ether alcohol over 20% in leaves. As a result of the research carried out, it was proven that Lophanthus anisatus can be used as a medicinal plant for many diseases, it can be used as a spice and preservative for various foods, etc.

Microbiota Composition during Fermentation of Broomcorn Millet Huangjiu and Their Effects on Flavor Quality

“…In our study, acetoin formation was related to 28 different genera during millet Huangjiu primary fermentation, indicating that acetoin biosynthesis is a complex process that involves many microorganisms in addition to the reported genus. Estragole is a colorless or light-yellow liquid with a strong aniseed aroma and sweetness, which are important fragrances, bioactive substances, and active intermediate [41]. Estragole synthesis was associated with 31 microorganisms, such as Moraxella, Enterovibrio, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas, according to our study; furthermore, this required further analysis of the interactions between them.…”

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils

“…Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacteria were obtained from the sub-collection of the Experimental Microbiology Laboratory of the "Cantacuzino" National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest. Other recently published studies used these strains for antibacterial activity screenings [163,164]. Sanimed International Impex SRL (Calugareni, Romania) was the Muller-Hinton culture media supplier.…”

“…All successive steps were performed in a laminar flow; in 96-well plates, we performed serial dilutions, adapting the protocol described by Gómez-Sequeda et al [166] and detailed in our recently published study [163]. All well plates were incubated for 24 h at 37 • C.…”

Agastache Species: A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical Composition and Therapeutic Properties

“…Most studies that focused on the composition of A. foeniculum volatile oil showed that estragole was the volatile compound found in the highest concentration [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. Besides estragole, other phenylpropanoid compounds (methyl isoeugenol [ 68 ], chavibetol [ 71 ], chavicol, eugenol [ 56 ]), as well as monoterpenes (1,8-cineole [ 58 , 70 ], limonene [ 56 , 57 , 59 , 71 ], pulegone, β-ocimene, bornyl acetate, geraniol, trans -carvone oxide [ 59 ]), sesquiterpenes (β-caryophyllene [ 68 , 71 ], spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide [ 59 ]), and non-terpene compounds (benzaldehyde, pentanol [ 56 ], 1-octen-3-ol [ 58 ]) have been identified.…”

“…As expected, the composition of the volatile oil depends on the part of the plant used. Thus, estragole was found in higher concentrations in the volatile oil of aerial parts (80–93%) and less in the essential oil extracted from leaves (18–30%) [ 56 ]. Also, estragole content was highest when the aerial parts were harvested at full bloom [ 60 ].…”