Comparative study on the infection rates of different laboratory strains of Glossina species by Trypanosoma congolense

Abstract

Teneral Glossina morsitans centralis Machado, G.austeni Newstead, G.palpalis palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy, G.p.gambiensis Vanderplank, G.fuscipes fuscipes Newstead, G.tachinoides Westwood and G.brevipalpis Newstead, from laboratory-bred colonies, were fed at the same time on the flanks of ten goats infected with Trypanosoma congolense Broden isolated in Tanzania or in Nigeria. The seven tsetse species were infected over the range 0.3-49.2%. Survival of both T.congolense isolates was best in G.m.centralis, poorest in G.austeni and the four palpalis group tsetse, with G.brevipalpis intermediate. It is suggested that there are differences in the gut of different laboratory-bred cultures of Glossina Westwood species and subspecies such that T.congolense parasites can survive better in the gut of some than in others and undergo cyclical development to metacyclics in the hypopharynx.

Excreted/Secreted Proteins from Trypanosome Procyclic Strains

“…Sequencing 1D gel showed that a large number of proteins were specifically secreted by both Biyamina ( T. brucei gambiense ) and Stib 215 ( T. brucei brucei ) (42.4% and 34.6%, resp.). The differences in the protein secretion profiles between the two parasite subspecies may reflect their genetic differences and could possibly be related to differences in Glossina vector competence [14, 15, 30–34]. …”

“…Moreover, a NO signal has been suggested to be required to promote the trypanosome migration to the salivary glands and its subsequent maturation into mammalian infective forms [13]. Different Glossina species exhibit large differences in vector competence [14, 15]. Nevertheless, vectorial competence of a given Glossina species could also be influenced by the nature of the parasite species [16].…”

Baseline survey of animal trypanosomosis in the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso

“…This finding corroborates reports from previous surveys conducted in the Region of the Boucle du Mouhoun and other tsetse infested area in Burkina Faso (Bengaly et al 2001;Bouyer and Bengaly ,2006;Desquesnes et al 1999). The predominance of T. vivax might be explained by the exclusive presence in the study area of tsetse flies belonging to the palpalis group which is known as the effective vectors of this trypanosome species (Moloo and Kutuza ,1988) and also by the abundance of mechanical vectors also known to be effective transmitters of T. vivax (Desquesnes and Dia ,2003;Desquesnes and Dia ,2004).…”

Two Tsetse Fly Species, Glossina palpalis gambiensis and Glossina morsitans morsitans , Carry Genetically Distinct Populations of the Secondary Symbiont Sodalis glossinidius

“…Variability in vector competence depends on the species of Glossina and trypanosomes. Glossina morsitans is a good vector of Trypanosoma congolense (10,18,29), whereas Glossina palpalis is a poor vector (12,18,22). Conversely, Glossina palpalis is the main vector of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (11), the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis in humans, whereas Glossina morsitans is not (7,15).…”

“…Vector competence is a major difference between G. palpalis gambiensis and G. morsitans morsitans (7,10,12,15,17,18,21,22,23,29) which relates directly to the suggested role of S. glossinidius on the inhibition of trypanocidal insect lectins through the production of N-acetylglucosamine (32,34). S. glossinidius in G. palpalis gambiensis might have been selected to facilitate the establishment and transmission of the parasite, explaining the high bootstrap values and the structured population.…”