“…However, ‘enterobactin biosynthesis’, ‘creatinine degradation I’, ‘creatinine degradation II’, ‘aromatic biogenic amine degradation (bacteria)’, ‘ l -lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate’, ‘toluene degradation IV (aerobic) (via catechol)’ and ‘polymyxin resistance’ existed only in the bacteria from Bantang hot spring. Among the degradation pathways, enzymes mapped on xenobiotic degradation pathways generally belong to the classes of oxidoreductases, lyases and transferases 19 . Figure 4 Part of MetaCyc pathway predicting functions from the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two hot springs.…”
Hot springs are extreme ecological environments of microbes. The study is the first comparative analysis of bacterial diversity of Tangchi and Bantang hot spring water samples collected in Hefei, China, which is conducive to the further development and utilization of microbial resources in hot springs. Illumina MiSeq system was utilized to sequence and analyze the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from hot spring water samples by bioinformatics, to probe into the bacterial abundance and diversity of two hot springs in Hefei. Results revealed that prevalent bacterial phyla in Tangchi hot spring were Bacillota and Aquificota, and the prevalent bacterial genus was Hydrogenobacter; prevalent phyla in Bantang hot spring were Pseudomonadota followed by Actinobacteriota, and prevalent genera were CL500-29_marine_group and Polynucleobacter. More species and higher evenness in Bantang hot spring than those in Tangchi hot spring. In MetaCyc pathway analysis, the major pathways of metabolism existed in the bacteria from the two hot springs were ‘pyruvate fermentation to isobutanol (engineered)’, ‘acetylene degradation’, ‘carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes’, ‘nitrate reduction I (denitrification)’, ‘methanogenesis from acetate’, ‘superpathway of glucose and xylose degradation’, etc.
“…However, ‘enterobactin biosynthesis’, ‘creatinine degradation I’, ‘creatinine degradation II’, ‘aromatic biogenic amine degradation (bacteria)’, ‘ l -lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate’, ‘toluene degradation IV (aerobic) (via catechol)’ and ‘polymyxin resistance’ existed only in the bacteria from Bantang hot spring. Among the degradation pathways, enzymes mapped on xenobiotic degradation pathways generally belong to the classes of oxidoreductases, lyases and transferases 19 . Figure 4 Part of MetaCyc pathway predicting functions from the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two hot springs.…”
Hot springs are extreme ecological environments of microbes. The study is the first comparative analysis of bacterial diversity of Tangchi and Bantang hot spring water samples collected in Hefei, China, which is conducive to the further development and utilization of microbial resources in hot springs. Illumina MiSeq system was utilized to sequence and analyze the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from hot spring water samples by bioinformatics, to probe into the bacterial abundance and diversity of two hot springs in Hefei. Results revealed that prevalent bacterial phyla in Tangchi hot spring were Bacillota and Aquificota, and the prevalent bacterial genus was Hydrogenobacter; prevalent phyla in Bantang hot spring were Pseudomonadota followed by Actinobacteriota, and prevalent genera were CL500-29_marine_group and Polynucleobacter. More species and higher evenness in Bantang hot spring than those in Tangchi hot spring. In MetaCyc pathway analysis, the major pathways of metabolism existed in the bacteria from the two hot springs were ‘pyruvate fermentation to isobutanol (engineered)’, ‘acetylene degradation’, ‘carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes’, ‘nitrate reduction I (denitrification)’, ‘methanogenesis from acetate’, ‘superpathway of glucose and xylose degradation’, etc.
“…The functional prediction analysis revealed that mucosal skin samples from wild octopuses exhibit higher enrichment in metabolic pathways when compare to mucosal skin samples from cultured octopus. The samples from wild octopuses displayed greater enrichment in pathways involving xenobiotic remediationconsistent with their need to adapt to a more diverse and potentially contaminated environment in nature (Jokhakar et al, 2022). The skin microbiome of wild octopus exhibits greater versatility, enabling the degradation of various organic compounds and production of bioactive molecules that have ecological advantages.…”
Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in common octopus aquaculture, prompted by the increasing market demand, the decline in overall fisheries and the search for a more sustainable food resource. Nevertheless, this interest has raised concerns about the potential impact of large-scale production and intensified farming practices in the future. Given the growing interest in octopus aquaculture and society's increasing concern for animal welfare, this study investigates the mucosal skin microbiota of wild and captive-bred common octopuses. The primary aim is to determine if breeding in captivity affects these communities and consequently animal welfare, using 16S ribosomal RNA metabarcoding. The core microbiota of common octopus mucosal skin is composed of the phyla Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Campylobacterota and Verrucomicrobiota, according to our findings. Although variations in abundance were observed, wild and aquaculture octopuses had comparable microbiota composition and diversity. Gammaproteobacteria were found to be enriched in wild mucosal skin samples, and some of the species were described as potentially pathogenic. However, these species were absent or in lower abundance in aquaculture mucosal skin samples. Additionally, analysis of KEGGs predictions showed that wild mucosal skin samples had a higher overall enrichment in functional pathways, primarily associated with xenobiotic remediation pathways, compared to the aquaculture mucosal skin samples. This is the first study to characterize the mucosal skin microbiome of the common octopus and compare the microbiome of wild and aquaculture individuals of this species. The results indicate that current aquaculture practices align with animal welfare through the use of controlled hatchery environments and high-quality water conditions. This study offers valuable insights into the microbiome of the common octopus, which can serve as a biomarker for evaluating animal welfare. It also explores the implications of these findings for the development of sustainable and responsible aquaculture practices.
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