“…This was facilitated by the low concentration used (0.01% w/v), which also minimizes the cytotoxicity risk of GO, which is known to be dose‐dependent. [ 43 ] With the concentration used in this paper, previous reports highlighted an increased mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) growth with respect to the controls, thus resulting beneficial, rather than toxic. [ 44 ]…”
Articular cartilage (AC) is a specialized connective tissue able to provide a low‐friction gliding surface supporting shock‐absorption, reducing stresses, and guaranteeing wear‐resistance thanks to its structure and mechanical and lubrication properties. Being an avascular tissue, AC has a limited ability to heal defects. Nowadays, conventional strategies show several limitations, which results in ineffective restoration of chondral defects. Several tissue engineering approaches have been proposed to restore the AC's native properties without reproducing its mechanical and lubrication properties yet. This work reports the fabrication of a bilayered structure made of gellan gum (GG) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), able to mimic the mechanical and lubrication features of both AC superficial and deep zones. Through appropriate combinations of GG and PEGDA, cartilage Young's modulus is effectively mimicked for both zones. Graphene oxide is used as a dopant agent for the superficial hydrogel layer, demonstrating a lower friction than the nondoped counterpart. The bilayered hydrogel's antiwear properties are confirmed by using a knee simulator, following ISO 14243. Finally, in vitro tests with human chondrocytes confirm the absence of cytotoxicity effects. The results shown in this paper open the way to a multilayered synthetic injectable or surgically implantable filler for restoring AC defects.
“…This was facilitated by the low concentration used (0.01% w/v), which also minimizes the cytotoxicity risk of GO, which is known to be dose‐dependent. [ 43 ] With the concentration used in this paper, previous reports highlighted an increased mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) growth with respect to the controls, thus resulting beneficial, rather than toxic. [ 44 ]…”
Articular cartilage (AC) is a specialized connective tissue able to provide a low‐friction gliding surface supporting shock‐absorption, reducing stresses, and guaranteeing wear‐resistance thanks to its structure and mechanical and lubrication properties. Being an avascular tissue, AC has a limited ability to heal defects. Nowadays, conventional strategies show several limitations, which results in ineffective restoration of chondral defects. Several tissue engineering approaches have been proposed to restore the AC's native properties without reproducing its mechanical and lubrication properties yet. This work reports the fabrication of a bilayered structure made of gellan gum (GG) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), able to mimic the mechanical and lubrication features of both AC superficial and deep zones. Through appropriate combinations of GG and PEGDA, cartilage Young's modulus is effectively mimicked for both zones. Graphene oxide is used as a dopant agent for the superficial hydrogel layer, demonstrating a lower friction than the nondoped counterpart. The bilayered hydrogel's antiwear properties are confirmed by using a knee simulator, following ISO 14243. Finally, in vitro tests with human chondrocytes confirm the absence of cytotoxicity effects. The results shown in this paper open the way to a multilayered synthetic injectable or surgically implantable filler for restoring AC defects.
“…Similar, results were observed by ZnO-NPs using Calotropis gigantea leaf extract [ 31 ]. In previous report, the ZnO-NPs using Drosophila melanogaster leaf extract showed UV absorption peak at 357 nm [ 7 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The green synthesis method are more advantageous when compare to physical and chemical methods because of their eco-friendly, low cost, increase economic and large-scale synthesis. ZnO nanoparticles have been effectively orchestrated utilizing plants such as, Musa ornate and Zea mays [ 6 ], Drosophila melanogaster [ 7 ], Lycopersicon esculentum [ 8 ] and Murraya koenigii [ 9 ]. Medicinal plants have a rich source of secondary metabolites and also folkloric sacred texts reports a large number of medicinal plants for different therapeutic applications.…”
In around the world, mosquito control is considered a most important because of the incapable of synthetic insecticides and the ecological pollution about by them. In this manner, need the eco-friendly insecticides to efficient control the mosquito disease is the need of the hour. We synthesized the eco-friendly of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using the
Knoxia sumatrensis
aqueous leaf extract (
Ks-
ALE) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis of ZnO-NPs was confirmed by UV with an absorption peak at 354 nm. ZnO-NPs crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra revealed the chloride, cyclic alcohols, sulfonamies, carboxylic acids, oximes, phosphines, alkenes and alcohol & phenol. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the NP’s are rod shaped with 50–80 nm size and also energy dispersive spectra (EDaX) spectra showed presence of zinc. Antioxidant assay showed superior activity and evidenced by DPPH, ABTS and H
2
O
2
radical assays. Furthermore, the ZnO-NPs exhibited strong activity in MCF-7 cell line with IC
50
value is 58.87 μg/mL. Mosquito larvicidal activity of ZnO-NPs produced significant activity and excellent larvicidal activity was noticed in
Cx. quinquefasciatus
with LC
50
0.08, mg/mL and LC
90
19.46 mg/mL. This study suggests that synthesized ZnO-NPs using
Knoxia sumatrensis
leaf extract have good biological activities and it makes them an ideal candidate for pharmacological studies.
“…The pupation travelling distance can be influenced by genetic traits and external factors such as moisture and environmental cues (Beltramí et al, 2010;Johnson and Carder, 2012;Narasimha et al, 2015;Sokolowski and Bauer, 1989). In addition, the distance to the pupation site has been used as a marker for fitness of the neuromuscular system to sense the surrounding environment and drive the crawling larva away from the food source to a safe location for the metamorphosis process to occur (Johnson and Carder, 2012;Joshi and Mueller, 1993), notably upon exposure of the developing larva to toxic compounds (Khatun et al, 2018;Sood et al, 2019). Accordingly, we measured the pupation distance by recording the position of pupas relative to the food level in four categories: I. within the food; II.…”
Section: Effect Of Dmso and Cps On Developmental Survivalmentioning
Humans interact with numerous chemical compounds with direct health implications, with several able to induce developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), which bear developmental, behavioral, and cognitive consequences from a young age. Current guidelines for DNT testing are notably costly, time consuming, and unsuitable for testing large numbers of chemicals. Therefore, there is a need for adequate alternatives to conventional animal testing for neurotoxicity and DNT. Here we show that detailed kinematic analysis can provide a strong indicator for DNT, using known (chlorpyrifos, CPS) or putative (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, BMAA) neurotoxic compounds. We exposed Drosophila melanogaster to these compounds during development and evaluated for common general toxicity — notably developmental survival and pupal positioning, together with the FlyWalker system, a detailed adult kinematics evaluation method.At concentrations that do not induce general toxicity, the solvent DMSO had a significant effect on kinematic parameters. Nonetheless, CPS not only induced developmental lethality but also significantly impaired coordination in comparison to DMSO, altering 16 motor parameters, validating the usefulness of our kinematic approach.Interestingly, BMAA, although not lethal during development, induced a dose-dependent motor decay, targeting most parameters in young adult animals, phenotypically resembling normally aged, non-exposed flies. This effect was subsequently attenuated during ageing, indicating an adaptive response. Furthermore, BMAA induced an abnormal terminal differentiation of leg motor neurons, without inducing degeneration, underpinning the observed altered mobility phenotype. Overall, our results support our kinematic approach as a novel, highly sensitive and reliable tool to assess potential DNT of chemical compounds.
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