Comparing Different Measures of Heat Resistance in Selected Lines of Drosophila melanogaster

Hoffmann, Ary A.; Dagher, Hayat; Hercus, Miriam J.; Berrigan, David

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(96)00108-4

Cited by 117 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover they are consistent with limits to high thermal resistance reached in selection experiments when temperatures are rapidly increased; in these experiments, there is a selection response in initial generations but this rapidly reaches a plateau (Gilchrist and Huey, 1999;Hoffmann et al, 1997). Other physiological traits may also be close to evolutionary limits in D. melanogaster.…”

Section: Population Limits: Genetic Variationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Physiological climatic limits inDrosophila: patterns and implications

Hoffmann

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

330

354

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SummaryPhysiological limits determine susceptibility to environmental changes, and can be assessed at the individual, population or species/lineage levels. Here I discuss these levels in Drosophila, and consider implications for determining species susceptibility to climate change. Limits at the individual level in Drosophila depend on experimental technique and on the context in which traits are evaluated. At the population level, evidence from selection experiments particularly involving Drosophila melanogaster indicate high levels of heritable variation and evolvability for coping with thermal stresses and aridity. An exception is resistance to high temperatures, which reaches a plateau in selection experiments and has a low heritability/evolvability when temperatures are ramped up to a stressful level. In tropical Drosophila species, populations are limited in their ability to evolve increased desiccation and cold resistance. Population limits can arise from trait and gene interactions but results from different laboratory studies are inconsistent and likely to underestimate the strength of interactions under field conditions. Species and lineage comparisons suggest phylogenetic conservatism for resistance to thermal extremes and other stresses. Plastic responses set individual limits but appear to evolve slowly in Drosophila. There is more species-level variation in lower thermal limits and desiccation resistance compared with upper limits, which might reflect different selection pressures and/or low evolvability. When extremes are considered, tropical Drosophila species do not appear more threatened than temperate species by higher temperatures associated with global warming, contrary to recent conjectures. However, species from the humid tropics may be threatened if they cannot adapt genetically to drier conditions.

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Section: Population Limits: Genetic Variationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Physiological climatic limits inDrosophila: patterns and implications

Hoffmann

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

330

354

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“…Although a more pronounced acclimation effect on lower than on upper limits is not universal [e.g. the converse has been found the caterpillars of the moth Embryonopsis halticella (Klok and Chown, 1998)], it does seem to be typical of most ectotherms (Kingsolver and Huey, 1998 Metabolic rate difference (ml CO 2 h -1 ) * * geographic variation in thermal limits, and in the responses of these limits to selection (Addo-Bediako et al, 2000;Chen et al, 1990;Chown, 2001;Gaston and Chown, 1999;Gilchrist et al, 1997;Hercus et al, 2000;Hoffmann et al, 1997;Kimura, 2004;Stanley et al, 1980;Terblanche et al, 2005b). Increases in metabolic rate of the G. pallidipes adults with adult exposure to low temperature seems to be typical of this group of tsetse flies because it has also been found in Glossina morsitans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative contributions of developmental plasticity and adult acclimation to physiological variation in the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera, Glossinidae)

Terblanche¹,

Chown²

2007

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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Recent reviews of the adaptive hypotheses for animal responses to acclimation have highlighted the importance of distinguishing between developmental and adult (nondevelopmental) phenotypic plasticity. There has been little work, however, on separating the effects of developmental plasticity from adult acclimation on physiological traits. Therefore, we investigated the relative contributions of these two distinct forms of plasticity to the environmental physiology of adult tsetse flies by exposing developing pupae or adult flies to different temperatures and comparing their responses. We also exposed flies to different temperatures during development and reexposed them as adults to the same temperatures, to investigate possible cumulative effects. Critical thermal maxima were relatively inflexible in response to acclimation temperatures (21, 25, 29°C) with plasticity type accounting for the majority of the variation (49-67%, nested ANOVA). By contrast, acclimation had a larger effect on critical thermal minima with treatment temperature accounting for most of the variance (84-92%). Surprisingly little of the variance in desiccation rate could be explained by plasticity type (30-47%). The only significant effect of acclimation temperature on standard (resting) metabolic rate of adult flies was at 21°C, resulting in treatment temperature, rather than plasticity type, accounting for the majority of the variance (30-76%). This study demonstrates that the stage at which acclimation takes place has significant, though often different, effects on several adult physiological traits in G. pallidipes, and therefore that it is not only important to consider the form of plasticity but also the direction of the response and its significance from a life-history perspective.

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“…A similar measure of maintenance of performance at low temperatures, knockdown time, could be used to determine the amount of time at a predetermined temperature after which coordination is lost (cf. Hoffmann et al, 1997). However, it is unclear whether these two approaches measure the same physiological phenomenon (MacMillan and Sinclair, 2011a), so CT min and knockdown time should not be used interchangeably.…”

Section: Chill Coma Onset (Ct Min )mentioning

confidence: 99%

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

Sinclair

Alvarado

Ferguson

2015

Journal of Thermal Biology

315

326

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Insect performance is limited by the temperature of the environment, and in temperate, polar, and alpine regions, the majority of insects must face the challenge of exposure to low temperatures. The physiological response to cold exposure shapes the ability of insects to survive and thrive in these environments, and can be measured, without great technical difficulty, for both basic and applied research. For example, understanding insect cold tolerance allows us to predict the establishment and spread of insect pests and biological control agents. Additionally, the discipline provides the tools for drawing physiological comparisons among groups in wider studies that may not be focused primarily on the ability of insects to survive the cold. Thus, the study of insect cold tolerance is of a broad interest, and several reviews have addressed the theories and advances in the field. Here, however, we aim to clarify and provide rationale for common practices used to study cold tolerance, as a starter's guide for newcomers to the field, students, and those wishing to incorporate cold tolerance into a broader study. We cover the 'tried and true' measures of insect cold tolerance, the equipment necessary for these measurement, and summarize the ecological and biological significance of each. Additionally, we provide a suggested framework and workflow for measuring cold tolerance and low temperature performance in insects.

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Comparing Different Measures of Heat Resistance in Selected Lines of Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 117 publications

References 23 publications

Physiological climatic limits inDrosophila: patterns and implications

Physiological climatic limits inDrosophila: patterns and implications

The relative contributions of developmental plasticity and adult acclimation to physiological variation in the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera, Glossinidae)

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

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