Comparing Techniques for Visualizing Moving Out-of-View Objects in Head-mounted Virtual Reality

Gruenefeld, Uwe; Koethe, Ilja; Lange, D.H.; WeirB, Sebastian; Heuten, Wilko

doi:10.1109/vr.2019.8797725

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This technique can guide users' attention towards necessary objects with small cognitive loads. Another possibly effective technique is visual guidance, in which the location of necessary objects is depicted with specific designs such as an arrow and a three-dimensional radar [48,49]. This technique can strongly guide attention towards necessary objects [50] but involves a small cognitive load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of task-irrelevant spatial contexts on 360-degree attention

Harada

Ohyama

2020

PLoS ONE

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The effect of spatial contexts on attention is important for evaluating the risk of human errors and the accessibility of information in different situations. In traditional studies, this effect has been investigated using display-based and non-laboratory procedures. However, these two procedures are inadequate for measuring attention directed toward 360-degree environments and controlling exogeneous stimuli. In order to resolve these limitations, we used a virtual-reality-based procedure and investigated how spatial contexts of 360-degree environments influence attention. In the experiment, 20 students were asked to search for and report a target that was presented at any location in 360-degree virtual spaces as accurately and quickly as possible. Spatial contexts comprised a basic context (a grey and objectless space) and three specific contexts (a square grid floor, a cubic room, and an infinite floor). We found that response times for the task and eye movements were influenced by the spatial context of 360-degree surrounding spaces. In particular, although total viewing times for the contexts did not match the saliency maps, the differences in total viewing times between the basic and specific contexts did resemble the maps. These results suggest that attention comprises basic and context-dependent characteristics, and the latter are influenced by the saliency of 360-degree contexts even when the contexts are irrelevant to a task.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of task-irrelevant spatial contexts on 360-degree attention

Harada

Ohyama

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…EdgeRadar has also shown to be particularly useful for tracking moving out-of-view objects accurately [37]. Although methods like 3D Radar have proven to be very useful in tracking off-screen object trajectories as well [35], the visualization still suffers from a certain overlapping and cluttering with on-screen augmentations, see [37]. In addition, such overview approaches tend to increase the cognitive load as it is required to mentally integrate all views, while context information along the borders is more in line with the human frame of reference [35].…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although methods like 3D Radar have proven to be very useful in tracking off-screen object trajectories as well [35], the visualization still suffers from a certain overlapping and cluttering with on-screen augmentations, see [37]. In addition, such overview approaches tend to increase the cognitive load as it is required to mentally integrate all views, while context information along the borders is more in line with the human frame of reference [35]. Also, more recent and highly efficient outof-view guidance approaches such as EyeSee360 (which is based on EdgeRadar) involve a high workload and occupy even more display space, especially for devices with a restricted FOV [33].…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, it is still unclear how different modes would perform if targets could follow any trajectory especially in terms of accuracy. Prior work provides evidence for a higher localization accuracy for moving audio sources than for visual spatial information that has to be mapped to the real world space (compare [32] to [35]). This may lead to the assumption that the AT mode might also be superior to VA and VT due to the superiority of audio to visual proximity feedback.…”

Section: Mode Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Multisensory Proximity and Transition Cues for Improving Target Awareness in Narrow Field of View Augmented Reality Displays

Trepkowski

Marquardt

Eibich

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Fig. 1: Demonstration of proximity and transition cues in an augmented reality city information system scenario. Being aware of newly emerging, yet potentially important information can become difficult in dynamic environments. Proximity cues (left side) provide spatial information in either the visual or the auditory modality and help users to become aware of out-of-view objects ("target"). When the target crosses the border of the field of view of the visual output device, the proximity cue is replaced by a transition cue (right side). A short visual, auditory or tactile notification signals the user that the target entered the field of view and is potentially visible.

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“…One guidance design is an extension of the visual field in which target items are transformed by projection into augmented items in the field of view. There have been various visual extension designs such as 3D radar (Gruenefeld et al 2019), EyeSee360 (Gruenefeld et al 2017b), fisheye lens (Orlosky et al 2014), mirror ball (Bork et al 2018), panorama vision (Ardouin et al 2012), and spider vision (Fan et al 2014). For instance, the 3D radar transforms target items surrounding users into a small map and superimposes it on the field of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of visual guidance effects for 360-degree directions

Harada

Ohyama

2021

Virtual Reality

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A head-mounted display cannot cover an angle of visual field as wide as that of natural view (out-of-view problem). To enhance the visual cognition of an immersive environment, previous studies have developed various guidance designs that visualize the location or direction of items presented in the users’ surroundings. However, two issues regarding the guidance effects remain unresolved: How are the guidance effects different with each guided direction? How much is the cognitive load required by the guidance? To investigate the two issues, we performed a visual search task in an immersive environment and measured the search time of a target and time spent to recognize a guidance design. In this task, participants searched for a target presented on a head-mounted display and reported the target color while using a guidance design. The guidance designs (a moving window, 3D arrow, radiation, spherical gradation, and 3D radar) and target directions were manipulated. The search times showed an interaction effect between guidance designs and guided directions, e.g., the 3D arrow and radar shorten the search time for targets presented at the back of users. The recognition times showed that the participants required short times to recognize the details of the moving window and radiation but long times for the 3D arrow, spherical gradation, and 3D radar. These results suggest that the moving window and radiation are effective with respect to cognitive load, but the 3D arrow and radar are effective for guiding users’ attention to necessary items presented at the out-of-view.

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Comparing Techniques for Visualizing Moving Out-of-View Objects in Head-mounted Virtual Reality

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

The effect of task-irrelevant spatial contexts on 360-degree attention

The effect of task-irrelevant spatial contexts on 360-degree attention

Multisensory Proximity and Transition Cues for Improving Target Awareness in Narrow Field of View Augmented Reality Displays

Quantitative evaluation of visual guidance effects for 360-degree directions

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