Comparing the effects of three in situ methods on nitrogen loss control, temperature dynamics and maturity during composting of agricultural wastes with a stage of temperatures over 70 °C

Effects of carbon-based additive and ventilation rate on nitrogen loss and microbial community during chicken manure composting

“…Woody peat is rich in carbon and humus but unavailable for microbes, so that the CO 2 amount was lower than that in T1. Similar result was observed in Chang et al (2019b), in which woody peat and corn stalk were used in vegetable wastes or sewage sludge composting. When the ventilation rate was increased to 0.36 L·min -1 ·kg -1 DM, less CO 2 emission amount were observed in S1, S3 and S5(Fig.…”

“…The significantly lower cumulative NH 3 emission in T2 (15.86 mg) was related to the characteristics of woody peat, than those with straw, which were widely used as additives during manure composting. Low pH and rich of humic acid contributed to the absorption of NH 4 + , which was proved by previous studies (Chang et al, 2019b). More cumulative NH 3 amounts were observed in T3-T5 than that in T1, which may be related with the lower biodegradable organic carbon in the mixed materials.…”

“…Then the decreased rates in T2-T5 indicated that the easily-degraded organic matter were less in these treatments than T1. For the concentrations of cellulose and lignin were higher in saw dust, pine bark and peanut hull, when compared with wheat straw, while cellulose and lignin were hard to be biodegraded directly (Chang et al, 2019b). Woody peat is rich in carbon and humus but unavailable for microbes, so that the CO 2 amount was lower than that in T1.…”

“…A 1:5 aqueous extract (w/v) of the fresh composts with 2N KCl solution was used for the analysis of extractable ammonium (NH 4 + -N), and NH 4 + -N was analyzed by SEAL Analytical (BL-TECH). Measurement of other parameters and calculation methods were followed the methods shown in Chang et al (2019a and 2019b).…”

“…Different additives and suitable rate of forced ventilation used to improve the porosity and C/N ratio could make great significance to reduce the emission of GHGs and NH 3 , mitigate the mobility of heavy metals, and conserve other essential nutrients for chicken manure composting (Awasthi et al, 2017; Mao et al, 2018). Many researches have confirmed the effects of additives such as zeolite (Awasthi et al, 2016; Chan et al, 2016), bentonite (Wang et al, 2016), medical stone (Wang et al, 2017), woody peat and biochar (Zhang et al, 2014; Awasthi et al, 2017; Chang et al, 2019b), saw dust (Sharma et al, 2018), pine bark (Brito et al, 2015) and peanut hull (Erickson et al, 2014), for various organic waste composting to mitigate the emission of NH 3 and GHGs and conserve the nutrients. However, the varied biodegradable organic matter content in these additives would significantly influence their improvement of composting process and the temperature (Chang et al, 2019a).…”