Comparision Of BRAF V600E, COX–2 and p53 As Biomarkers For The Early Detection Of Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal cancer. Almost two million new cases of CRC are diagnosed every year, making CRC the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cancer-associated cause of mortality in the world. The onset and development of CRC is induced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors including social, cultural and lifestyle factors. Age is considered as main risk factor for the colorectal cancer, there is remarkable increase past the fifth decade of life. Because of its high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a global public health problem. Patients with CRC are typically asymptomatic and therefore it is difficult to diagnose disease until advanced stages, where the disease becomes incurable. Early diagnosis and therapy is able to decrease the risk of CRC in this asymptomatic population; however, early diagnosis of CRC remains a challenge in clinical practice. This review article was a comparative study and aims to explore the ability of the selected markers for early diagnosis of colorectal cancers for long term survival. Hence, identification of novel non-invasive diagnostic methods for early tumor detection in CRC is required. Screening of average-risk individuals can reduce CRC mortality by detecting cancer at an early curable stage. There is need for the implementation of new speci?c and more sensitive biomarkers in upcoming future which will improve diagnostic strategies and allowing clinicians to detect CRC cases in the earliest stages of the disease, to improve the prognosis of thousands of patients.

Interactions of Colorectal Cancer, Dietary Fats, and Polymorphisms of Arachidonate Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Genes: A Literature Review

“…COX2 is involved in cell cycle control, and increased expression of COX-2 in CRC patients compared to normal controls indicates its possible role in the progression of CRC ( 40 ). COX2 influences cancer progression by increasing prostaglandin production, preventing tumor cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and tumor angiogenesis ( 41 ). It was reported that aspirin plays a key role in preventing colon cancer by inhibiting COX ( 37 ).…”

Bioactive Compounds of Dietary Origin and Their Influence on Colorectal Cancer as Chemoprevention

“…Polymorphisms in COX1 and COX2 have been associated with the development of colorectal cancer, specifically COX2, which controls the cell cycle [17] and its expression increases in response to cytokines and growth factors. COX2 participates in cancer development by increasing cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis [18], and the production of prostaglandins that seem to increase resistance to apoptosis in epithelial cells. In contrast, in stromal cells, it favors neovascularization present in the development of CRC.…”