Comparison electrical stimulation and passive stretching for blood glucose control type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Arsianti, Rika Wahyuni; Parman, Dewy Haryanti; Lesmana, Hendy

doi:10.1063/1.5030227

Cited by 4 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Via alteration in the pulse amplitude, participants assigned to the NMES group received stimulation up to maximum tolerable levels (ensuring protocol adherence) to induce visible muscle contraction, and those assigned to control received stimulation on the lowest possible setting (sensory level: described previously as a tingling sensation). It has previously been demonstrated that NMES between 2 and 8 weeks with two to three sessions per week decrease fasting blood glucose when conducted on quadriceps muscle for 20–30 min per session ( 16 , 20 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 32 , 33 , 34 ). Therefore, in the current study, we employed 30 min of NMES per session three times per week over a 4-week period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four weeks of electrical stimulation improves glucose tolerance in a sedentary overweight or obese Hispanic population

Galvan

Sanchez

McAinch

et al. 2022

Endocrine Connections

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Introduction/Purpose: Most U.S. adults (54%) do not meet minimum exercise recommendations by American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a novel alternate strategy to induce muscle contraction. However, effectiveness of NMES to improve insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four weeks of NMES on glucose tolerance in a sedentary overweight or obese population. Methods: Participants (n=10; age: 36.8 ± 3.8 years; BMI=32 ± 1.3 kg/ m2) were randomized into either control or NMES group. All participants received bilateral quadriceps stimulation (12 sessions; 30 minutes/session; 3 times/week at 50 Hz and 300 µs pulse width) altering pulse amplitude to either provide low intensity sensory level (control; tingling sensation) or at high intensity neuromuscular level (NMES; maximum tolerable levels with visible muscle contraction). Glucose tolerance was assessed by three-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), substrate utilization was measured by indirect calorimetry and body composition via dual X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after four weeks of NMES intervention. Results: Control and NMES groups had comparable fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, substrate utilization, and muscle mass at baseline. Four weeks of NMES resulted in a significant improvement in glucose tolerance measured by OGTT, whereas no change was observed in control group. There was no change in substrate utilization and in muscle mass in both control and NMES groups. Conclusion: NMES is a novel and effective strategy to improve glucose tolerance in an at-risk overweight or obese sedentary population.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four weeks of electrical stimulation improves glucose tolerance in a sedentary overweight or obese Hispanic population

Galvan

Sanchez

McAinch

et al. 2022

Endocrine Connections

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“…Thirteen studies reported on acute effects and 22 studies reported on chronic effects of NMES, with one of those studies reporting on both acute and chronic effects of NMES. Studies reported one or multiple measures of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity which included the fasting blood glucose (n=17) ( 30 , 50 – 52 , 56 – 68 ), fasting insulin (n=11) ( 23 , 31 , 50 – 52 , 60 , 61 , 66 , 69 – 71 ), homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA-IR) (n=4) ( 50 , 52 , 60 , 70 ), Matsuda index (n=1) ( 72 ), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (n=11) ( 23 , 29 , 31 , 45 , 69 – 75 ), meal glucose tolerance test (MGTT) (n=1) ( 73 ), HbA1c (n=5) ( 50 , 58 , 64 , 69 , 76 ), and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (n=6) ( 69 , 71 , 75 – 78 ). Among all longitudinal studies that met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (N=9) reported fasting blood glucose before and after NMES intervention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except for four studies that investigated young adult population ( 30 , 59 , 69 , 74 ), all studies were conducted in middle-aged and elderly men and women. Majority of the studies (n=16) reported improvement in glycemic control measured by various methods including fasting blood glucose ( 56 – 58 , 60 , 62 , 63 ), OGTT ( 23 , 29 , 31 , 72 , 79 ), MGTT ( 73 ), HbA1c ( 64 , 70 ), and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp ( 75 , 76 ), while two studies reported no changes in glycemic control as measured by fasted blood glucose ( 65 ), and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp ( 71 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods used to assess glycemic control varied among studies. Two studies ( 72 , 74 ) used OGTT, one study used HOMA-IR ( 30 ) whereas rest of the studies used blood glucose ( 56 , 57 , 62 , 63 , 65 , 73 ) to assess glycemic control. Additionally, one study ( 79 ) that met all the inclusion criteria and reported glycemic control measured by OGTT but did not report fasting glucose level before and after the NMES intervention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, a greater anaerobic ATP turnover has been reported with electrically induced contractions, compared to equivalent voluntary contractions of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles ( 87 ). Several studies indicated use of glycolytic sources as major substrates during NMES induced muscle contractions ( 49 , 56 – 58 , 73 , 74 ). Increased glucose uptake has been shown with electrical stimulation using cell culture model ( 88 ) as well as in isolated rat skeletal muscle ( 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sanchez,

Mossayebi,

Sigaroodi

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundPhysical inactivity increases the risk for metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an effective method to induce muscle contraction, particularly for populations with physical impairments and/or metabolic diseases. However, its effectiveness to improve glycemic control is unclear. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of NMES on glycemic control.MethodsElectronic search consisted of MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify studies that investigated the effects of NMES on glycemic control for this systematic review. The meta-analysis consists of the studies designed as randomized controlled trials. Effect sizes were calculated as the standardized mean difference (SMD) and meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.ResultsThirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review and of those, nine qualified for the meta-analysis. Existing evidence suggested that NMES effectively improves glycemic control predominantly in middle-aged and elderly population with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and spinal cord injury. The meta-analysis is comprised of 180 participants and reported that NMES intervention lowered fasting blood glucose (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.78; p=0.002; I²=0%). Additional analysis using the primary measures reported by each study to indicate glycemic control (i.e., OGTT, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose) also confirmed a significant effect of NMES on improving glycemic control (SMD: 0.41; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.72; p=0.01; I²=11%). NMES protocol varied across studies and requires standardization.ConclusionNMES could be considered as a therapeutic strategy to improve glycemic control in populations with physical impairments and/or metabolic disorders.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020192491.

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The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Thomas,

Ficarra,

Nakamura

et al. 2024

Sports Med - Open

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Background Physical activity plays an important role in the management of blood glucose levels. However, compelling evidence exists only for aerobic and resistance training. In this review, we aimed to identify the potential effects of stretching exercises on blood glucose levels. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, NLM PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies regarding the effects of stretching exercise in humans on blood glucose or any related variable were included. Further inclusion criteria were: (1) original articles (published from database inception to October 2022), (2) applying stretching as a unique exercise modality, (3) having either longitudinal or acute interventions, (4) including healthy and pathological populations, and (5) having within each study a pre- and post-intervention measure. Quality assessment of the studies was conducted using the Downs and Black checklist. Results A total of 13 articles were included. The quality assessment revealed an overall moderate quality of the included records. Ten articles included patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas the remaining three included at-risk populations. A total of 731 people with a mean age of 56.7 ± 6.1 years old were analysed. Fasting blood glucose, 2 h post-oral glucose uptake, post-stretching intervention blood glucose levels, and HbA1c were identified as variables related to blood glucose within the studies. After the stretching interventions, a significant reduction was observed in either blood glucose (ES = − 0.79; p = 0.0174) or HbA1c (ES = − 1.11; p = < 0.0001). Meta-analytic results highlighted greater effects in T2D patients (ES = − 1.15; p = 0.02) and for studies applying stretching as an exercise intervention (ES = − 1.27; p = 0.006) rather than considering stretching as a control exercise modality. Conclusion The results of this systematic review highlight the potential of stretching exercises to reduce blood glucose levels. In particular, if stretching is applied as a specific form of exercise intervention in patients with T2D greater effects are observed. However, further studies with more solid research designs are required, therefore, caution is needed before prescribing stretching as an exercise intervention for glycaemic management.

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Comparison electrical stimulation and passive stretching for blood glucose control type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Four weeks of electrical stimulation improves glucose tolerance in a sedentary overweight or obese Hispanic population

Four weeks of electrical stimulation improves glucose tolerance in a sedentary overweight or obese Hispanic population

Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

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