Comparison of 2D and 3D dynamic image analysis for characterization of natural sands

Li, Linzhu; Iskander, Magued

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106052

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The histograms of shape parameter for this coastal calcareous sediment are non-normal. This was also seen in [ 22 , 23 ] for the 2D DIA of Ledge Point and the Browse #1 hemipelagic calcareous sand. For this study, the Bounded Johnson Distributions [ 34 ] were fitted to all of the shape parameter histograms; fit lines are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Three types of particle shape descriptors were employed to quantify particle shape morphology ( Table 2 ). The selected shape descriptors are thought to capture independent shape features [ 23 ]. The numerical value of shape descriptors ranges from 0.0 to 1.0, where a symmetrical particle, such as a sphere, approaches 1.0, while a highly irregular particle has descriptors approaching, but never reaching, 0.…”

Section: Shape Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complex shape of the grains in these calcareous sands contributes to their poor geotechnical behavior [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], such as pile running [ 21 ]. Although a few studies have examined the impact of 2D and 3D imaging techniques on the measurements of sand grains [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], there have been no direct comparisons of 2D DIA methods to 3D μCT of bulk samples. This paper investigates the impact of 2D DIA and 3D μCT imaging methods on the measured shape parameters, aspect ratio, convexity, and sphericity, of calcareous beach sand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of 2D Optical Imaging and 3D Microtomography Shape Measurements of a Coastal Bioclastic Calcareous Sand

Beemer

Leonti

et al. 2022

J. Imaging

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This article compares measurements of particle shape parameters from three-dimensional (3D) X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) and two-dimensional (2D) dynamic image analysis (DIA) from the optical microscopy of a coastal bioclastic calcareous sand from Western Australia. This biogenic sand from a high energy environment consists largely of the shells and tests of marine organisms and their clasts. A significant difference was observed between the two imaging techniques for measurements of aspect ratio, convexity, and sphericity. Measured values of aspect ratio, sphericity, and convexity are larger in 2D than in 3D. Correlation analysis indicates that sphericity is correlated with convexity in both 2D and 3D. These results are attributed to inherent limitations of DIA when applied to platy sand grains and to the shape being, in part, dependent on the biology of the grain rather than a purely random clastic process, like typical siliceous sands. The statistical data has also been fitted to Johnson Bounded Distribution for the ease of future use. Overall, this research demonstrates the need for high-quality 3D microscopy when conducting a micromechanical analysis of biogenic calcareous sands.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Shape Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of 2D Optical Imaging and 3D Microtomography Shape Measurements of a Coastal Bioclastic Calcareous Sand

Beemer

Leonti

et al. 2022

J. Imaging

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“…Finally, for reasons of completeness, the photographic technique is mentioned here. For a full description, the reader is advised to review the description given by Li and Iskander [42] and Grace and Ebneyamini [43]. A summary of the techniques is given in Table 11.…”

Section: Particle Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need to Accurately Define and Measure the Properties of Particles

et al. 2021

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When dealing with powders, a fundamental knowledge of their physical parameters is indispensable, with different methods and approaches proposed in literature. Results obtained differ widely and it is important to define standards to be applied, both toward the methods of investigation and the interpretation of experimental results. The present research intends to propose such standards, while defining general rules to be respected. Firstly, the problem of defining the particle size is inspected. It was found that describing the size of a particle is not as straightforward as one might suspect. Factors of non-sphericity and size distributions make it impossible to put ‘size’ in just one number. Whereas sieving can be used for coarser particles of a size in excess of about 50 µm, instrumental techniques span a wide size range. For fine particles, the occurrence of cohesive forces needs to be overcome and solvents, dispersants and sample mixing need to be applied. Secondly, the shape of the particles is examined. By defining sphericity, irregularly shaped particles are described. Finally, the density of particles, of particle assemblies and their voidage (volume fraction of voids) and the different ways to investigate them are explored.

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“…Figure 2 and Table 2 show the PSD and sphericity values of the as-atomized powder, as obtained from DIA. The definition of powder characteristics and comparison between different measurement techniques are discussed elsewhere [26][27][28]. Optomec's guideline for LENS ® DED is that the powder particles should be spherical (for good flowability) and with a size of −100/+325 mesh, equivalent to a powder diameter of 44 to 150 μm.…”

Section: Characterization Of the As-atomized Za-8 Powdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol–Gel Encapsulation of ZnAl Alloy Powder with Alumina Shell

Svetlizky

Eliaz

2021

Coatings

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Additive manufacturing (AM), for example, directed energy deposition (DED), may allow the processing of self-healing metal–matrix composites (SHMMCs). The sealing of cracks in these SHMMCs would be achieved via the melting of micro-encapsulated low melting point particulates (LMPPs), incorporated into the material during AM, by heat treatment of the part during service. Zn-Al alloys are good candidates to serve as LMPPs, for example, when the matrix of the MMC is made of an aluminum alloy. However, such powders should first be encapsulated by a thermal and diffusion barrier. Here, we propose a sol–gel process for encapsulation of a custom-made ZA-8 (Zn92Al8, wt.%) core powder in a ceramic alumina (Al2O3) shell. We first modify the surface of the ZA-8 powder with (12-phosphonododecyl)phosphonic acid (Di-PA) hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) in order to prevent extensive hydrogen evolution and formation of non-uniform and porous oxide/hydroxide surface layers during the sol–gel process. Calcination for 1 h at 500 °C is found to be insufficient for complete boehmite-to-γ(Al2O3) phase transformation. Thermal stability tests in an air-atmosphere furnace at 600 °C for 1 h result in melting, distortion, and sintering into a brittle sponge (aggregate) of the as-atomized powder. In contrast, the core/shell powder is not sintered and preserves its spherical morphology, with no apparent “leaks” of the ZA-8 core alloy out of the ceramic encapsulation.

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Comparison of 2D and 3D dynamic image analysis for characterization of natural sands

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Comparison of 2D Optical Imaging and 3D Microtomography Shape Measurements of a Coastal Bioclastic Calcareous Sand

Comparison of 2D Optical Imaging and 3D Microtomography Shape Measurements of a Coastal Bioclastic Calcareous Sand

The Need to Accurately Define and Measure the Properties of Particles

Sol–Gel Encapsulation of ZnAl Alloy Powder with Alumina Shell

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