Comparison of adjuvant formulations for cytotoxic T cell induction using synthetic peptides

Induction of Long-Term Memory CD8+T Cells for Recall of Viral Clearing Responses against Influenza Virus

“…Many previous studies have shown that lipid groups can confer self-adjuvanting properties on peptide immunogens (5,9,10,16,23,28), and we confirm this in the experiment shown in Fig. 9, wherein Pal2-CTL-TH, unlike CTL-TH, elicited a significant response when delivered in the absence of external adjuvant.…”

“…In general, induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses with peptides requires the use of an adjuvant such as the oil-based incomplete Freund's adjuvant (1,13,19,36,51). Nevertheless, induction of CD8 T cells can be achieved with peptides in the absence of an adjuvant by the addition of a lipid to the peptide (10,16,23) or by utilizing an admixture of peptide and lipid molecules (7,16). Cytolytic responses in nonhuman primates (8), as well as in human volunteers (21,46), have been reported following vaccination with lipopeptides.…”

gp100209–2M Peptide Immunization of Human Lymphocyte Antigen-A2+ Stage I-III Melanoma Patients Induces Significant Increase in Antigen-Specific Effector and Long-Term Memory CD8+ T Cells

“…The principal surfactant in Montanide is a Mannide mono oleate lipid complex (31). Montanide adjuvant formulations and related lipid-complexed adjuvants made up of palmitic acid groups admixed with or conjugated to class I-restricted peptides have been shown to stimulate weak memory CD8 T-cell responses (32,33). Recent data suggests that DCs copresenting class I restricted peptides and the CD1d-binding glycolipid ␣-galactosyl-ceramide can prime CTL responses in a class II independent fashion by causing the activation of natural killer T cells.…”

Solid-Phase Epitope Recovery: A High Throughput Method for Antigen Identification and Epitope Optimization

“…We note that although this hydrophobicity complicates synthesis and purification of these peptides, it may ultimately be beneficial for in vivo vaccination. Several groups have reported that covalent modification of peptides with hydrophobic lipid moieties or noncovalent association of peptides with lipid vesicles can markedly improve their immunogenicity (31,32).…”

“…SPHERE peptides do not react with an irrelevant T cell line. TIL1520-reactive SPHERE peptides were synthesized and purified as described in Materials and Methods, and were assayed for reactivity with TIL1520 and an irrelevant CTL line, TIL1235, specific for MART1 (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). 51 Cr-labeled T2 cells were incubated for 1 h in the presence of 100 g/ml of each peptide and effectors were then added at an E:T of 10:1 in a final volume of 200 l, using 1e ϩ 3 targets and 1e ϩ 4 effectors.…”