Comparison of cephalometric norms between Mongolian and Korean adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced profiles

Abstract

Objective: The purposes of this study were to establish cephalometric norms of Mongolian adults, which have not previously been reported in orthodontic journals, and to compare them with cephalometric norms of Korean adults. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 74 Mongolian adults (35 men, 39 women) and 95 Korean adults (52 men, 43 women) with normal occlusions and well-balanced lateral profiles were obtained. The subjects were chosen by orthodontists of the same ethnic background. Forty craniofacial variables were measured, and groups were compared by analysis of covariance. Results: The cephalometric norms for male and female Mongolian and Korean adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced lateral profiles were established. Sexual dimorphism was found in linear skeletal measurements and vertical skeletal relationships. Compared with Korean adults, Mongolian adults had shorter anterior facial height, more prominent chins, and more upright upper incisors. There were few differences in soft tissue measurements. The differences were statistically significant, but their clinical importance may be limited. Conclusions: Cephalometric differences can be considered, but little difference may exist in the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning of Mongolian and Korean adults.

Garis estetik menurut Ricketts pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga (Ricketts esthetic line of dental student of Universitas Airlangga)

“…Dalam menentukan keserasian dan keseimbangan wajah pada perawatan ortodonti, umumnya digunakan standar ras Kaukasoid. 5,6 Hal tersebut kurang tepat jika diterapkan pada ras lain. Kelompok etnik yang berbeda cenderung memiliki pola karaktristik wajah berbeda.…”

“…Penelitian Kim et al, 6 menyatakan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang terlalu signifikan antara nilai esthetic line Korea dan Mongolia. Nilai estetik wanita Korea Ls-E -1.66 mm dan Li-E -0.04 mm, untuk pria Ls-E -1.66 mm dan Li-E 0.09 mm.…”

Morphological difference of symphysis according to various skeletal types using cone-beam computed tomography

“…Patients who were 18 years old or younger, who had received orthodontic treatment, who had severe crowding in the mandibular incisor (Little's irregularity ≥ 6), 11 whose number of teeth was abnormal (supernumerary or missing teeth), who had abnormal shapes of teeth (giant or dwarf teeth), or whose IMPA was out of the average range (90 < IMPA < 102) 12 were excluded. The subjects were divided into Class I (0˚-4˚) or Class II (4˚ or greater) based on ANB angle 13 and into low angle (25 -32˚) or high angle (38 -49˚) based on the SN-MP angle.…”

Cephalometric Value of Batak Ethnic

“…A normal cephalometric value is helpful for orthodontists in diagnosing and developing a good orthodontic treatment plan. As the standard value of cephalometry is mostly based on Caucasian ethnicity originated from European, it is sometimes not suitable to be applied on various race and ethnic groups [1,2,3].…”