Comparison of different reactor types for low temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: A simulation study

Guettel, Robert; Turek, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2008.10.059

Cited by 122 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In a comparative study of reactor types for LTFT synthesis Guettel and Turek conclude that the productivity per reactor volume of a slurry bubble-column reactor or monolith reactor is up to one order of magnitude higher than for a fixed-bed or micro-channel reactor [15]. However, this conclusion is at variance with other work, reported for micro-channel reactors for which superior productivities have been reported [16].…”

Section: Fischer-tropsch Reactorscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Deactivation and Regeneration of Commercial Type Fischer-Tropsch Co-Catalysts—A Mini-Review

2015

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Deactivation of commercially relevant cobalt catalysts for Low Temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) synthesis is discussed with a focus on the two main long-term deactivation mechanisms proposed: Carbon deposits covering the catalytic surface and re-oxidation of the cobalt metal. There is a great variety in commercial, demonstration or pilot LTFT operations in terms of reactor systems employed, catalyst formulations and process conditions. Lack of sufficient data makes it difficult to correlate the deactivation mechanism with the actual process and catalyst design. It is well known that long term catalyst deactivation is sensitive to the conditions the actual catalyst experiences in the reactor. Therefore, great care should be taken during start-up, shutdown and upsets to monitor and control process variables such as reactant concentrations, pressure and temperature which greatly affect deactivation mechanism and rate. Nevertheless, evidence so far shows that carbon deposition is the main long-term deactivation mechanism for most LTFT operations. It is intriguing that some reports indicate a low deactivation rate for multi-channel micro-reactors. In situ rejuvenation and regeneration of Co catalysts are economically necessary for extending their life to several years. The review covers information from open sources, but with a particular focus on patent literature.

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Section: Fischer-tropsch Reactorscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Deactivation and Regeneration of Commercial Type Fischer-Tropsch Co-Catalysts—A Mini-Review

2015

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“…The critical features of FT reactors, such as heat transfer and mass transfer, are summarized and compared in Table 5 [68]. Other theoretical and practical aspects of selecting and designing FT reactors can be found in previous works [69][70][71][72][73]. Fe-, Co-, Ru-and Ni-based catalysts are mostly used in the Fischer-Tropsch process [66].…”

Section: Fischer-tropsch Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis in Biomass to Liquid Conversion

2012

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Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a set of catalytic processes that can be used to produce fuels and chemicals from synthesis gas (mixture of CO and H 2 ), which can be derived from natural gas, coal, or biomass. Biomass to Liquid via Fischer-Tropsch (BTL-FT) synthesis is gaining increasing interests from academia and industry because of its ability to produce carbon neutral and environmentally friendly clean fuels; such kinds of fuels can help to meet the globally increasing energy demand and to meet the stricter environmental regulations in the future. In the BTL-FT process, biomass, such as woodchips and straw stalk, is firstly converted into biomass-derived syngas (bio-syngas) by gasification. Then, a cleaning process is applied to remove impurities from the bio-syngas to produce clean bio-syngas which meets the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis requirements. Cleaned bio-syngas is then conducted into a Fischer-Tropsch catalytic reactor to produce green gasoline, diesel and other clean biofuels. This review will analyze the three main steps of BTL-FT process, and discuss the issues related to biomass gasification, bio-syngas cleaning methods and conversion of bio-syngas into liquid hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Some features in regard to increasing carbon utilization, enhancing catalyst activity, maximizing selectivity and avoiding catalyst deactivation in bio-syngas conversion process are also discussed.

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“…The study was successful to optimise the F-T reactor technology for near/super critical operation conditions. Guettel et al [88] derived a mathematical model to compare the performance of different types of reactors (fixed-bed reactor, slurry bubble reactor, micro-and monolith reactors) in the Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) synthesis process. The lowest specific catalytic productivity in the simulation study was observed for the fixed-bed reactor operating at a trickle-flow regime due to severe resistances in mass transfer.…”

Section: Overview Of Previous Work Regarding the Fischer-tropsch Synmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Fischer Tropsch synthesis process, mechanism, surface chemistry and catalyst formulation

Mahmoudi

Doustdar

et al. 2017

Biofuels Engineering

165

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For more than half a century, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) of liquid hydrocarbons was a technology of great potential for the indirect liquefaction of solid or gaseous carbon-based energy sources (Coal-To-Liquid (CTL) and Gas-To-Liquid (GTL)) into liquid transportable fuels. In contrast with the past, nowadays transport fuels are mainly produced from crude oil and there is not considerable diversity in their variety. Due to some limitations in the first generation bio-fuels, the Second-Generation Biofuels (SGB)' technology was developed to perform the Biomass-To-Liquid (BTL) process. The BTL is a well-known multi-step process to convert the carbonaceous feedstock (biomass) into liquid fuels via FTS technology. This paper presents a brief history of FTS technology used to convert coal into liquid hydrocarbons; the significance of bioenergy and SGB are discussed as well. The paper covers the characteristics of biomass, which is used as feedstock in the BTL process. Different mechanisms in the FTS process to describe carbon monoxide hydrogenation as well as surface polymerization reaction are discussed widely in this paper. The discussed mechanisms consist of carbide, COinsertion and the hydroxycarbene mechanism. The surface chemistry of silica support is discussed. Silanol functional groups in silicon chemistry are explained extensively. The catalyst formulation in the Fischer Tropsch (F-T) process as well as F-T reaction engineering is discussed. In addition, the most common catalysts are introduced and the current reactor technologies in the F-T indirect liquefaction process are considered. process overview IntroductionThe over-reliance of the world's nations on conventional fossil fuels puts our planet in peril. The continuity of the current situation will result in the rise of a combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces by 5 ∘ C in 2100, bringing a rise in sea levels, food and water shortages and an increase in extreme weather events. The global warming, caused by humans, is one of the biggest threats to our future well-being [1]. In addition, oil reserves are limited and these reserves are decreasing dramatically. This reduction alongside the other relevant economic factors affects the world's oil prices. The need to run engines with the new generation of liquid fuels is inevitable. The investigations by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) published in 2013 expressed a 56 percent increase in the world's energy consumption by the year 2040. Total world energy demand will have risen to 865 EJ (exajoule) by this year. The total world energy consumption was reported as 553 EJ in 2010. The outlook indicates that renewable energy is one of the fastest-growing energy sources in the world; where its usage increases 2.5 percent per year. Despite increasing success in the renewable energies, it is predicted that the fossil fuels will supply al-

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Comparison of different reactor types for low temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: A simulation study

Cited by 122 publications

References 43 publications

Deactivation and Regeneration of Commercial Type Fischer-Tropsch Co-Catalysts—A Mini-Review

Deactivation and Regeneration of Commercial Type Fischer-Tropsch Co-Catalysts—A Mini-Review

Application of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis in Biomass to Liquid Conversion

A review of Fischer Tropsch synthesis process, mechanism, surface chemistry and catalyst formulation

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