Comparison of Four Artificial Light Technologies for Indoor Aquaponic Production of Swiss Chard, <scp><i>Beta vulgaris</i>,</scp> and Kale, <scp><i>Brassica oleracea</i></scp>

Oliver, Luke P.; Coyle, Shawn D.; Bright, Leigh Anne; Shultz, R.C.; Hager, Janelle; Tidwell, James H.

doi:10.1111/jwas.12471

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Differences in Trial 2 with basil were even larger, with LED producing 152% more plant weight per unit energy than IND, 219% more than MH, and 234% more than FLO. These results are in agreement with those of Oliver et al (2018) for both Swiss chard ( Beta vulgaris ) and kale ( Brassica oleracea ). The economic impacts of these efficiencies will vary according to the electric power costs in the region of production.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of different artificial light technologies for indoor aquaponic production of Bibb lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata, and compact basil, Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese

Shultz

Coyle

Bright

et al. 2021

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Aquaponic production in temperate climates is often conducted in insulated buildings to reduce heating costs and therefore must rely on artificial lighting to replace natural sunlight. However, there are several different light technologies available to producers. We conducted two aquaponic growth trials to compare four lighting technologies for the indoor production of Bibb lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata (Trial 1), and basil, Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese (Trial 2). Light types evaluated included metal halide (MH), fluorescent (FLO), light‐emitting diode (LED), and induction (IND). Using a complete block design, each of the four identical aquaponic systems included all four light types. Juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (Trial 1:145 g; Trial 2:169 g) were stocked into each replicate system and fed at a rate of 60 g feed m−2 of plant grow‐space per day. In Trial 1, Bibb lettuce plants grown under LED lights had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) average individual weights (164 g), higher production per unit area (3118 g m−2), and higher production per unit energy (84 g m−2 kWh−1) compared to those grown under the other light types. Bibb lettuce grown under IND and FLO lights had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) average individual weights (82.0 and 78.0 g, respectively) and production per unit of area (1762 and 1700 g m−2, respectively) than those grown under MH lights (1382 g m−2). In Trial 2, Basil grown under LED lights had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) average individual weights (188 g), production per unit area (4970 m−2), and production per unit of energy (1483 g m−2 kWh−1) than basil grown under the other three light types. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in average individual weight or production per unit area among basil plants grown under MH, IND or FLO. Analysis of leaf tissues indicated several statistically significant differences among the light treatments. However, the actual magnitudes of these differences were relatively small. Evaluation of emitted wavelengths indicate that production differences may be related to the amount of red light spectra (600–699 nm), and the ratio of red light to blue light (400–499 nm) (R:B ratio) produced by the different light types. The LED had a greater production of red spectra and higher R:B ratios than other lights which appears to be advantageous for growth of Bibb lettuce and basil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of different artificial light technologies for indoor aquaponic production of Bibb lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata, and compact basil, Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese

Shultz

Coyle

Bright

et al. 2021

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…It has been reported that different light sources can alter the metabolite status in plant bodies (Fukuda, 2019). LED lights are known to have some advantages such as adjustability of the light spectrum, small size, long-lasting, low heat effects to the ambient for plants (Lin et al, 2013;Oliver et al, 2018). At the same time, it has been shown in studies that LED lights can achieve the same efficiency by consuming 75% less energy compared to light sources such as Metal Halide (Singh et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of different lighting (LED, HPS and FLO) in aquaponics systems for joint production of different plants (Lettuce, Parsley and Cress) and koi carp

Memiş¹,

Tunçelli²,

TINKIR³

et al. 2023

Aquat Res

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We investigated the effects of growth performance of three plant species parsley (Petroselinum crispum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and cress (Lepidium sativum) under the three different lighting sources, Light-Emitting Diode lamp (LED; 200w), High-Pressure Sodium lamp (HPS; 200w) and Fluorescent lamp (FLO; 200w) in an aquaponic system. A total number of 43 koi fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) with 3628 g total biomass (84.4 g per individual) were used. The fish used in the experiment recorded 36% growth and reached an average individual weight of 132.7 g at the end of the experiment. The parsley plant was measured as 8.76 ±7.32 g; 7.45 ±4.13 g; 2.04 ±1.96 g weight after 45 days, the lettuce plant was 54.09 ± 25.60 g; 60.83 ±19.39 g; 17.81 ±6.40 g weight after 54 days, cress plant was 1.03 ±0.58 g; 1.15 ±0.46 g; 1.31 ±0.58 g weight after 42 days, under the HPS, LED, and FLO light sources, respectively. HPS and LED light sources in lettuce and parsley showed better plant development than the FLO, while no significant difference occurred in cress plants under three light conditions. We conclude that using HPS or LED lights in indoor aquaponics has the potential to produce good quality and adequate amounts of plants.

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“…This section describes plant growing environments [44], hydroponic systems [45], and lighting sources [46] that make up the horticulture unit [1]. Each of these components impact the types of plants that can be grown, the level of crop protection from pests and weather, startup cost and operational expenses.…”

Section: Horticulture Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indoor environments provide increased temperature control but are dependent on artificial light for plant growth and electrical usage can be seven times higher than in a greenhouse [29]. Studies comparing grow light technologies demonstrated that plants grown under LED lighting tend to achieve greater production biomass under the same conditions than other artificial lights and do so with lower energy consumption [46]. However, Nelson and Bugbee [50] found that the initial expense of obtaining the LED light fixtures compared to the industry standard high-pressure sodium (HPS) fixtures made the return on investment (ROI) of LED grow lights between 5 and 10 years.…”

Section: Horticulture Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

System design and production practices of aquaponic stakeholders

et al. 2022

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Aquaponics is an agricultural practice incorporating aquaculture and hydroponic principles. This study assesses the current system design and production practices of the aquaponic industry, compares these metrics by stakeholder group, identifies trends, and provides recommendations for future development. An electronic survey of aquaponic stakeholders was conducted from December 2019 to June 2020 targeting hobbyists, producers, and educators from various aquaponic-focused professional associations, email and social media groups. Of 378 total responses, 84% came from the United States and were clustered in plant hardiness zones five to nine. Aquaponic systems were commonly homemade/do-it-yourself (DIY), many of which incorporated commercially available (turn-key) technology. Most growers used coupled systems that integrated recirculating aquaculture systems and either deep-water culture (DWC) or media bed hydroponic units. Common plant lighting sources were sunlight and light emitting diode (LED). Water sources were typically municipal or wells. Personal labor input was typically less than 20 hrs/wk. Funding sources were primarily personal funds, followed by government grants, and private investor funds. System sizes varied greatly, but the median area was 50 to 500 ft2 for hobbyists and educators and 500 to 3,000 ft2 for producers. Respondents commonly sold vegetable produce, training and education, food fish, and microgreens. Tilapia and ornamental fish were commonly grown, with 16 other species reported. Common crops were lettuce, leafy greens, basil, tomatoes, peppers, and herbs with many additional lesser-grown crops reported, including cannabis. Overall, the industry still growing, with a large portion of stakeholders having less than two years of experience. However, veteran growers have remained in operation, particularly in the producer and educator groups. The survey results suggest a shift away from outdoor systems, media beds, tomatoes, ornamental fish, and perch production, and a shift toward decoupled systems, DWC, drip irrigation, and wicking beds, larger system area, leafy greens, and trout/salmon production compared to previous industry surveys. The reduced diversity of plant species grown suggest some level of crop standardization. Commercial producers tended to sell more types of products than other stakeholders, suggesting that diversification of offerings may be key to profitability. The combined production area specified by respondents indicates the industry has grown substantially in recent years. Finally, the presence of bank loan-funded operations suggests increased knowledge and comfort with aquaponics among lenders.

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Comparison of Four Artificial Light Technologies for Indoor Aquaponic Production of Swiss Chard, Beta vulgaris, and Kale, Brassica oleracea

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of different artificial light technologies for indoor aquaponic production of Bibb lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata, and compact basil, Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese

Evaluation of different artificial light technologies for indoor aquaponic production of Bibb lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata, and compact basil, Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese

Investigation of different lighting (LED, HPS and FLO) in aquaponics systems for joint production of different plants (Lettuce, Parsley and Cress) and koi carp

System design and production practices of aquaponic stakeholders

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