Comparison of GC–MS and FTIR methods for quantifying naphthenic acids in water samples

Scott, Angela C; Young, Rozlyn F.; Fedorak, Phillip M.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.024

Cited by 94 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…To investigate the estrogen level in the natural water samples, the intensities of IR characteristic peaks that were obtained via the HPLC-FTIR technology were used to calculate contaminant concentration, as previously reported30. First, the best characteristic peak was chosen because of a number of IR peaks in the pure material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and determination of estrogen in the water environment by high performance liquid chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Zheng

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The components for connecting high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were investigated to determine estrogen in the water environment, including heating for atomization, solvent removal, sample deposition, drive control, spectrum collection, chip swap, cleaning and drying. Results showed that when the atomization temperature was increased to 388 K, the interference of mobile phase components (methanol, H2O, acetonitrile, and NaH2PO4) were completely removed in the IR measurement of estrogen, with 0.999 of similarity between IR spectra obtained after separation and corresponding to the standard IR spectra. In experiments with varying HPLC injection volumes, high similarity for IR spectra was obtained at 20 ul injection volume at 0.01 mg/L BPA while a useful IR spectrum for 10 ng/L BPA was obtained at 80 ul injection volume. In addition, estrogen concentrations in the natural water samples were calculated semi-quantitatively from the peak intensities of IR spectrum in the mid-infrared region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and determination of estrogen in the water environment by high performance liquid chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Zheng

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Meanwhile, however, the chemical makeup of the SAGD process water seems to be different from that of tailings pond water (Tables 1 and 3). In a previous study, for example, NA concentrations were significantly higher in SAGD water than in tailings pond water (Scott et al, 2008). Therefore, water treatment in SAGD processes needs to be considered as a separate issue from the management of tailings pond water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Given that the SAGD process water in this study contained a significant amount of DOCs (Table 1), compared to all the DOC constituents, NAs identified in this study can be only a small fraction of the organic contaminants that come from Scott et al (2008). d Gulley (1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DOC constituents in surface-mining process water have been extensively investigated to conserve marginal environments from the pollutants released from tailings ponds (Holowenko et al, 2002;Rowland et al, 2011a;Scott et al, 2005). In contrast, little research to date refers to the organic constituents in SAGD water (Grewer et al, 2010;Scott et al, 2008). Moreover, detailed, extensive analyses of DOC constituents in SAGD process water, including analyses of NAs, PAHs, phenols, and VOCs, have not yet been published in the scientific literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Dissolved organic compounds in reused process water for steam-assisted gravity drainage oil sands extraction

Kawaguchi

Masuda

et al. 2012

Water Research

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“…2,5,7 A cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS -gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) é uma técnica analítica amplamente utilizada para amostras petroquímicas, embora ainda sejam necessárias etapas de isolamento e derivatização dos compostos mais polares. 2,5,[7][8][9][10][11] Contudo, nem sempre ocorre a separação individual dos componentes e, frequentemente, os cromatogramas apresentam as chamadas misturas complexas não resolvidas (UCM -unresolved complex mixtures), as quais tornam a análise muito difícil. Além disso, a extensa fragmentação dos interferentes acíclicos, comuns nos derivados de petróleo e misturas técnicas comerciais de ácidos naftênicos, no espectrômetro de massas, fornece informações limitadas sobre a estrutura e massa molecular dos AN.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ácidos naftênicos no petróleo

Gruber¹,

Damasceno²,

Caramão³

et al. 2012

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 22/7/11; aceito em 5/2/12; publicado na web em 15/5/12 NAPHTHENIC ACIDS IN PETROLEUM. Brazilian petroleum is known by its high acidity due to the presence of acidic constituents, especially naphthenic acids (NA). The total characterization of the NA in petrochemical samples has been receiving special attention in research and comprises an analytical challenge, mainly due to the complexity of their mixtures. Gas chromatography with mass detector (GC/MS) is the technique of analysis more used, but recently comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) has been used, due to its high resolution, peak capacity and sensitivity. The goal of this article is to discuss the techniques for sample preparation and analysis of NA in petroleum.Keywords: petrochemicals samples; naphthenic acids; characterization of the NA. INTRODUÇÃONos últimos anos grande parte das reservas de petróleo descobertas em território brasileiro consiste de óleo pesado de baixo grau API (<20º), alta viscosidade e elevada acidez total. 1 A Empresa de Petróleo Brasileiro S/A, PETROBRAS, visando viabilizar a comercialização do petróleo vem investindo em programas de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, tais como, PRAVAP (Programa de Recuperação Avançada de Petróleo), PROTER (Programa de Tecnologias Estratégicas de Refino) e PROPES (Programa Tecnológico de Óleos Pesados).As fontes de óleo cru na América do Sul, incluindo o petróleo brasileiro, estão entre as mais ácidas do mundo.2,3 Tal acidez é responsabilizada por muitas dificuldades na utilização desta matéria-prima nas refinarias e no aproveitamento de seus resíduos.Os ácidos naftênicos (AN) são encontrados, predominantemente, em óleos imaturos, biodegradados, em óleos pesados e águas residuá-rias geradas no processo de extração do betume.4,5 Sua importância é salientada em geoquímica, aplicações comerciais, aspectos ambientais e corrosão. [2][3][4][5][6] O termo naftênico, correspondente a compostos cíclicos saturados, é usado para todos os tipos de ácidos encontrados em petróleos, mesmo os saturados lineares e os ramificados. 2,5,7 Os ácidos carboxílicos presentes no petróleo representam um grande problema para o refino e craqueamento do mesmo, devido ao seu efeito corrosivo em linhas de transferência de massa e calor, nas seções de entrada e refluxo de colunas (à pressão atmosférica e a vácuo) e nos condensadores das unidades de destilação das refinarias. 5 De forma geral, determina-se o teor de ácidos através da titulação com KOH, obtendo-se então o índice ou número de acidez naftênica. Este índice pode ser indicativo de atividade corrosiva da amostra, contudo, nada acrescenta quanto à qualidade do petróleo e à natureza dos ácidos presentes. Para caracterizar estes ácidos, é necessário extraí-los e analisá-los de forma individual. 2,5 O petróleo é constituído de uma mistura complexa de hidrocarbonetos com quantidade bastante significativa de isômeros, além destes, apresenta compostos contendo nitrogênio, oxigênio e enxofre, que dificultam as etapas de extração, isolamento e caract...

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Comparison of GC–MS and FTIR methods for quantifying naphthenic acids in water samples

Cited by 94 publications

References 23 publications

Separation and determination of estrogen in the water environment by high performance liquid chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Separation and determination of estrogen in the water environment by high performance liquid chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Dissolved organic compounds in reused process water for steam-assisted gravity drainage oil sands extraction

Ácidos naftênicos no petróleo

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